韩语句法使动句中主格役事的句法和语义研究  

On the syntax and semantics of the nominative causee in Korean syntactic causatives

作　　者：崔延燕 CUI Yanyan(Academy for Research on Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言研究院,北京市100081

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2022年第3期349-361,478,479,共15页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“基于跨语言视角的汉语亲涉性语义范畴研究”(21BYY169)资助。

摘　　要：韩语有句法使动与形态使动之分。前者的一个重要特点是役事论元可带主格标记。本文聚焦韩语句法使动句中主格役事的句法语义表现,指出主格役事句具有如下特点:在句法上,该句式只有致使者和被致使事件两个论元,役事充当被致使事件的主语;在语义上,该句式自然语调下的焦点是被致使事件整体,多用于表达役事自愿的和/或不可控的被致使事件。文章重点考察动词的词汇语义及使动化前的句式结构对构造句法使动句的影响。研究发现,主格役事在两类情况下分布受限:一为主格宾语句构造的使动句,一为宾格与事句参与的使动句。主格宾语句的动词词根由于不蕴涵任何变化,不满足使动词的语义选择限制,因而无论役事带什么形态格,句子均不合法。而宾格与事句在使动化时,因句式本身的预设,脱离适当语境时可接受度较低。Korean has both syntactic and morphological causatives.A distinguishing characteristic of the former is that the causee argument may take nominative case.This article studies the syntax and semantics of causative sentences with nominative causees in Korean.It is argued that causative sentences with nominative causees have the following properties:Syntactically,the construction involves only two arguments,namely the causer and the caused event;and the causee argument serves as the subject of the caused event.In terms of semantics,under default intonation,the focus of the construction is the entire caused event.Typically,the nominative causee construction is used to express events in which the causee is volitional and/or lacks control of the caused event.The focus of this article is to investigate how the lexical semantics of a verbal root and the construction it appears in affect causativization.It shows that nominative causee is blocked in two cases,the Nominative Object Construction(NOC) and the Accusative Recipient Construction(ARC).NOC cannot be causativized regardless of the case of the causee,as it fails to entail any kind of change,and thus does not meet the semantic selection of the causative head.ARC,on the other hand,is often judged unacceptable when taken out of context due to the presuppositions it carries.

关 键 词：使动 韩语 论元结构 格 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]