气凝胶隔热材料制备及航天热防护应用研究进展  

Progress on the Preparation of Aerogel Thermal Insulations and Their Applications in Aerospace Thermal Protection System

作　　者：柳凤琦 王鲁凯 门静 刘兰芳 彭飞[1] 冯军宗[1] 姜勇刚[1] 李良军 冯坚[1] LIU Fengqi;WANG Lukai;MEN Jing;LIU Lanfang;PENG Fei;FENG Junzong;JIANG Yonggang;LI Liangjun;FENG Jian(Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory,College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学空天科学学院陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室,长沙410073

出　　处：《宇航材料工艺》2022年第2期26-47,共22页Aerospace Materials & Technology

摘　　要：我国航天事业的不断发展对航天器热防护材料提出了更高的要求,气凝胶作为一种纳米网络多孔材料,因其纳米尺度效应,具有超级隔热性能,是近年来超级隔热材料研究的热点和前沿。本文以航天热防护应用为背景,综述了气凝胶隔热材料近十年来的研究进展,包括无机氧化物气凝胶、有机气凝胶、炭气凝胶、碳化物气凝胶隔热材料等,以及其制备方法、隔热性能和热防护应用现状,结合当前航天领域需求和气凝胶隔热材料研究的难点问题,提出气凝胶隔热材料的未来发展方向。The continuous development of China′s aerospace industry has put forward higher requirements for spacecraft thermal protection materials.Aerogel,as a nano-network porous material,has super thermal insulation performance due to its nano-scale effect,and is a hot spot and frontier of research on super thermal insulation materials in recent years.This paper reviews the research progress of aerogel thermal insulation materials in the past ten years,including inorganic oxide aerogel,organic aerogel,carbon aerogel and carbide aerogel thermal insulation materials,as well as their preparation methods,thermal insulation performance and current status of thermal protection applications,and proposes the future development of aerogel thermal insulation materials in the light of the current demands in the aerospace field and the difficult problems of aerogel thermal insulation materials research.The paper presents the future development of aerogel thermal insulation materials,taking into account the current needs of the aerospace industry and the difficulties of aerogel thermal insulation materials.

关 键 词：气凝胶 隔热材料 热导率 航天 热防护 

分 类 号：TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]