青钱柳花粉特性对种子饱满度的影响  

Effects of pollen characteristics on seed plumpness in Cyclocarya paliurus plantation

作　　者：刘莉 黄鹏 余延浩 洑香香 LIU Li;HUANG Peng;YU Yanhao;FU Xiangxiang(Co-Innovation Center for Forestry in Southern China,College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京210037

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2022年第2期205-212,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)重点项目(BE2019388);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)共同资助。

摘　　要：通过对青钱柳人工林花粉的散粉特性和花粉活力测定,探讨花粉特性对种子饱满度的影响。以安徽红琊山林场9年生青钱柳人工林为研究对象,连续两年(2017—2018)于两个开花阶段监测林分的花粉密度和花粉活力的动态变化及花粉的传粉距离;比较了两种交配类型(雌先型PG、雄先型PA)植株的花粉活力和种子饱满度差异。结果表明,在两个开花阶段,花粉密度和花粉活力均呈现出相似的动态变化趋势,散粉高峰期的花粉密度约为200~300粒·cm^(-2),花粉活力为20%~30%;花粉密度和花粉活力年度间呈现出显著差异(P<0.05),而同一年度两种交配类型间差异不显著;青钱柳花粉在各个方向的传粉距离仅达离林分75 m处。种子饱满度较低,仅为16.8%~23.4%;年度间种子饱满度差异显著,而同一年度两种交配类型间差异不显著;种子饱满度与花粉活力的表现一致。由此推测,青钱柳种子饱满度主要受到花粉活力的影响,花期气温也一定程度上影响了花粉活力,但同源多倍体可能是影响花粉活力的主要原因。青钱柳人工林种子饱满度低的主要原因是雌雄异型异熟的交配系统导致的低花粉密度、花粉传播距离短以及低花粉活力所引起的。The characteristics of pollen viability and pollen dispersal were observed and monitored to illustrate the reasons of low seed plumpness in Cyclocarya paliurus plantation.Based on 9-year plantation growing in Hongyashan Forest Farm of Anhui Province,the dynamic patterns of pollen density and pollen viability,as well as dispersal distances in pollen during two flowering phases were surveyed for two consecutive years(2017 and 2018),and the differences of pollen viability and seed plumpness between two mating types(protogyny(PG),protandry(PA))were compared for two years as well.As results,during two flowering phases,the similar dynamic patterns occurred in the pollen density and pollen viability.The pollen density was up to 200-300 grain·cm^(-2),and the pollen viability was only 20%-30%at the peak of pollen dispersal.The differences in the pollen density and pollen viability were significant(P<0.05)between the observed years instead of the two mating types.Moreover,the pollen only spread to 75 m away from the edge of plantation.Notably,seed plumpness from plantation only reached 16.8%-23.4%in the observed two years;significant differences of seed plumpness existed between years rather than the two mating types.Overall,the seed plumpness was consistent with the pollen viability.Thus,we inferred that the seed plumpness of C.paliurus would be mainly influenced by pollen viability,which could be affected by the existence of autopolyploidy in populations both in natural and plantation,as well as by climatic factors(e.g.temperature)during flowering phases.In conclusion,the main reason for the low seed plumpness of C.paliurus plantation is the low pollen density,short pollen transmission distance and low pollen viability caused by the mating type of heterodichogamy.

关 键 词：青钱柳 花粉活力 花粉密度 花粉传播 种子饱满率 

分 类 号：S723.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]