硅溶胶-APP复合阻燃剂对辐射松木材阻燃的研究  

Study on the flame retardance of radiata pine wood by silica-sol-app compound flame retardant

作　　者：李明晗 曹帅 蔡家斌 周楠 LI Minghan;CAO Shuai;CAI Jiabin;ZHOU Nan(College of Wood Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037;Fuyang Jinmu Handicraft Co.,Ltd.,Fuyang 236000)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京210037 [2]阜阳市金木工艺品有限公司,阜阳236000

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2022年第2期213-218,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏省科技项目(SZ-SQ2019023)资助。

摘　　要：为了研究硅溶胶和聚磷酸铵(APP)复配后的阻燃性能,真空常压方法下分别用APP、硅溶胶以及两者复配后的阻燃剂浸渍辐射松木材,分析各改性材的增重、增容率以及热解燃烧性能,并用扫描电镜(SEM)分析改性后的残炭形貌。研究结果表明:氧指数由高到低是APP-硅溶胶、APP、硅溶胶和素材;由APP处理和APP-硅溶胶联合处理材的初始分解温度、最大失重率温度均提前,残炭率提高,硅溶胶处理材的初始分解温度和最大失重率与素材相近。经锥形量热测试结果显示:由APP处理和APP-硅溶胶联合处理材的热释放速率峰值分别比素材降低了232.8和150.3kW·m^(-2),总释放热降低29.63和17.98MJ·m^(-2),而由硅溶胶处理的效果不明显。与其他3种试材相比,硅溶胶处理材的COP最低,说明硅溶胶对CO的生成有抑制作用。处理材的火灾蔓延指数(FGI)均比素材降低;扫描电镜显示,经浸渍处理过的残炭结构更加致密,表面更加光滑。结果说明了硅溶胶的加入可以降低CO毒气的生成,APP的加入使木材的阻燃性达到了难燃级。In order to study the flame retardant properties of silica sol and ammonium polyphosphate(APP),radiata pine wood was impregnated with APP, silica sol and their flame retardant under vacuum and atmospheric pressure;the weight gain, compatibilization rate, pyrolysis and combustion properties of the modified materials were studied, and the morphology of the modified carbon residue was analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results showed that the oxygen index from high to low was APP-silica sol, APP, silica sol and the raw materials, respectively;the initial decomposition temperature and the maximum weight loss rate of materials treated by APP and APP-silica sol were advanced, and the carbon residue rate was increased. The initial decomposition temperature and the maximum weight loss rate of materials treated by silica sol were similar to those of the raw materials. The cone calorimetric test results showed that the peak heat release rate and the total heat release of APP treated and APP-silica sol treated materials were 232.8 and 150.3 kW·m^(-2), 29.63 and 17.98 MJ·m^(-2) lower those of the raw materials, correspondingly, while the effect of silica sol treatment was not obvious. Compared with the other three tested materials, the COP of silica sol treated material was the lowest, indicating that silica sol could inhibit the formation of CO. The fire spread index(FGI) of the treated wood was lower than that of the raw materials;SEM showed that the structure of the carbon residue treated by impregnation was denser, and the surface was smoother. The results indicated that the addition of silica sol can reduce the generation of CO toxic gas,and the addition of APP makes the flame retardancy of wood reach the flame retardant level.

关 键 词：辐射松 木材阻燃 氧指数 热重 锥形量热 

分 类 号：S782.39[农业科学—木材科学与技术]