转炉炼钢过程的精细化控制及协同优化  

Fine control technology and its co-optimization of converter steelmaking

作　　者：王杰[1] 曾加庆[1] 杨利彬[1] 汪成义[1] WANG Jie;ZENG Jia-qing;YANG Li-bin;WANG Cheng-yi(Metallurgical Technology Institute,Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]钢铁研究总院有限公司冶金工艺研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《钢铁》2022年第5期55-63,共9页Iron and Steel

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项资助项目(2017YFB0304000)。

摘　　要：转炉炼钢过程是一复杂的开放系统,因为受到转炉内多个化学反应同时或交替进行、熔池持续温升与有效控温、熔池自发搅拌强度不均匀性特点、相关杂质元素的高效脱除与如何抑制钢水过氧化、转炉炼钢过程的精细化操作与时序受控等诸多因素的交互影响,在其时空边界内呈现动态起伏和非线性变化特征。要实现由传统追求单一产量指标向追求产量、质量与环保等多目标协同的转变,用传统孤立系统的知识体系不能很好地揭示其运行规律。现代转炉炼钢过程在全流程中的功能定位应聚焦于高效冶炼和稳定获得较洁净的初炼钢水,再与后续钢水精炼技术进行有序组合,满足高拉速、恒拉速多炉连浇的炉-机匹配要求。从转炉炼钢过程在全流程中的功能定位和相关操作的时序匹配等视觉出发,对溅渣护炉、高效供氧、熔池均衡搅拌、钢水成分与温度命中、后搅拌、快速出钢与渣-钢有效分离、转炉煤气高效回收等若干“点技术”展开讨论,阐述上述“点技术”的应用必须追求精细化控制效果,同时要满足转炉炼钢过程时序规划与上下游工序协同运行的要求,确保全流程高质量稳定顺行,不断挖掘转炉炼钢过程的极限潜力。Converter steelmaking is a complex open system,which is affected by interaction of many factors simultaneously or alternately,such as multiple chemical reactions of different impurity elements or substances,continuous rising and control of temperature,inhomogeneous spontaneous stirring of molten pool,inhibiting liquid steel peroxidation during removal of impurity elements,fine operation and timing control in converter etc.,its operation law within its space-time boundary is dynamic and nonlinear.The isolated system knowledge is not appropriate to reveal the transformation law from traditional single production output index to multi-objective coordination for production output,quality and environmental protection etc.The functional orientation of modern converter steelmaking should be focus on efficient and stable primary smelting of clean molten steel,and then combined with subsequent molten steel refining technique to meet the furnace-machine matching requirements of multi-heats continuous casting with high/constant drawing speed in the whole process.From vision of function positioning and related operations timing matching of converter steelmaking,the"point technique"containing furnace protection by slag splashing,efficient oxygen supply,molten pool uniform mixing,composition of molten steel matched with temperature,post stirring,rapid steel extraction and separation of slags and steel,efficient recovery of converter gas were discussed.It points out that the aim of above-mentioned"point technique"application should be focused on fine control effect,at the same time,it is necessary to meet the requirements of timing planning of converter steelmaking and collaborative operation of upstream and downstream processes,so as to ensure high quality,stable and smooth operation of the whole process,and constantly tap the ultimate potential of converter steelmaking.

关 键 词：转炉炼钢 点技术 精细控制 洁净钢 生产节奏匹配 

分 类 号：TF713[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]