建筑环境人因工程学:人体热舒适研究的展望  

Ergonomics in built environments:Prospects of human thermal comfort research

作　　者：曹彬[1,2] 朱颖心 侯雨晨[1,2] 吴业宇 李思师 刘思静 Bin Cao;Yingxin Zhu;Yuchen Hou;Yeyu Wu;Sishi Li;Sijing Liu(Department of Building Science,School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Eco Planning&Green Building,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院建筑技术科学系,北京100084 [2]室内空气质量评价与控制北京市重点实验室,北京100084 [3]生态规划与绿色建筑教育部重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第16期1757-1770,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52078270,51838007);清华大学绿色经济与可持续发展研究中心项目资助。

摘　　要：人体热舒适理论是建筑环境人因工程学中最早形成的科学理论之一.在工业化过程中,它有效地引导了建筑热环境控制方法、技术、产品的发展.当今,面向全球气候变暖与低碳建筑的新时代,这门理论科学又承载着推动建筑技术学科发展的新使命,有着更为广阔的空间.人体热舒适研究存在两个重要发展方向:一是对人与多因素形成的热环境之间复杂关系的深入科学认识,不仅针对人的舒适需求,而且更加关注对健康的影响;二是这些新的科学认识可能形成的技术创新,新技术在为人们带来更加个性化的热舒适提升的同时,还应有效降低建筑热环境控制的能源需求.上述第一个发展方向需要将传统工学学科与医学、公共卫生学结合,即医工交叉;第二个发展方向则需要在建筑环境学科与材料、信息、能源等多个工学学科之间进行跨学科合作.本文基于人体热舒适领域的发展历程,对上述两个方向已有的研究探索、形成的主要观点、待解决的问题及未来的发展趋势进行了介绍.Heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems,which have been around since the early 20 th century,were originally designed to support fine industrial processes and thus pursue the goal of uniform,steady-state environmental control.And the HVAC systems for civil buildings which were widely used later followed such an idea to create uniform and steady-state thermal environments.For decades,a large number of domestic and foreign research results have shown that the uniform and steady thermal environment is not necessarily the most beneficial to people’s comfort and health,but it needs more energy consumption.As one of the earliest scientific theories formed in the field of ergonomics in built environments,the theory of human thermal comfort has effectively guided the development of the building thermal environment control methods,technologies,and products globally during the process of industrialization.In the new era of global warming and lowcarbon buildings,the theoretical science of human thermal comfort undertakes the new mission of promoting the discipline of building technology and achieving the goals to develop“low-carbon”and“healthy”buildings.The future development of human thermal comfort research will have two important directions.One is the in-depth scientific understanding of the complex relationship between human and the multi-factor thermal environment,not only for human comfort needs,but also paying more attention to the impact on health.The other is the technological innovation that these new scientific understandings may bring,which can not only enhance personalized thermal comfort of people,but also effectively reduce the energy demand of thermal environment control in buildings.The first development direction above requires the combination of traditional engineering with medicine and public health,that is,the intersection of medicine and industry.The second development direction requires interdisciplinary cooperation between the discipline of built environment and other engineer

关 键 词：热环境 热舒适 健康 个体舒适系统 人因工程 空气调节 

分 类 号：TU111[建筑科学—建筑理论]