基于主体建模的生活街区人流分布模拟研究  

Agent-based Simulation of Pedestrian Spatial Distribution in Living District

作　　者：车冠琼[1] 仇保兴 CHE Guanqiong;QIU Baoxing

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]中国城市科学研究会,北京1000835

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2022年第4期57-60,61-69,共13页Urban Development Studies

摘　　要：人流空间分布是空间活力的外在表征,空间环境是空间活力形成的物质基础。在以人为本的新型城镇化阶段,分析人流空间分布的形成机制是提高空间利用效率、提升空间活力的有效途径。本研究采用基于主体建模的方法,构建了人流空间分布的多主体模型,以主体代理行人和街道空间,将街道空间的属性特征转化为行人主体的行为规则,从而在二者的相互作用中形成相应的人流分布模式,实现了从人与空间互动的视角分析人流空间分布的形成机制。将其运用于天津市典型生活街区,通过多次参数调整,模拟结果与实际人流分布实现了较好的拟合,验证了模型的有效性。研究发现,街道网络结构、功能分布、街道界面共同影响着人流分布,具体的影响要素因研究区域空间环境特征的差异有所不同。在此基础上提出,应对多尺度、多维度的空间要素进行统筹布局,为行人与空间之间多样化的互动提供有利的空间条件。The pedestrian spatial distribution is the external manifestation of spatial vitality, and the spatial environment is the material basis for the formation of spatial vitality. In the people-oriented new urbanization stage, analyzing the formation mechanism of pedestrian spatial distribution is an effective way to improve the efficiency of space utilization and enhance spatial vitality. This study constructs a multi-agent-based model to simulate the pedestrian spatial distribution. In the model, the agents represent pedestrians and street space, and the attributes of street space are transformed into the behavioral rules of pedestrians to realize the interaction between pedestrians and street space. Applying this model to typical living districts in Tianjin, through multiple parameter adjustments, the simulation results and the actual pedestrian spatial distribution achieve a good fit, which verifies the effectiveness of the model. The study found that the street network structure, function distribution, and street interface jointly affect pedestrian spatial distribution, and the specific influencing factors are different due to the differences in the spatial environmental characteristics of the study areas. On this basis, it is proposed that multi-scale and multi-dimensional spatial elements should be coordinated to provide favorable spatial conditions for the diversified interaction between pedestrians and space.

关 键 词：人流空间分布 生活街区 多主体模型 空间活力 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]