人工智能军事化发展态势及其安全影响  

The Development Trend and Security Impact of the Militarization of Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：张煌[1] 杜雁芸[1] ZHANG Huang;DU Yanyun

机构地区：[1]国防科学技术大学文理学院,长沙410073

出　　处：《外交评论（外交学院学报）》2022年第3期99-130,I0004,I0005,共34页Foreign Affairs Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金计划一般项目“网络军备控制困境分析及我国战略选择研究”(项目编号:17BGJ035)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前,全球人工智能军事化发展呈现美国先发领跑、各国竞逐追赶的竞争态势。为维护国家安全利益和谋取军事竞争主动权,各主要国家相继出台军用人工智能战略发展规划,打造海陆空天以及网络空间的多维一体的智能化装备力量,构建覆盖统筹协调、研究开发以及转化推广等方面的专职机构,推动了全球军用人工智能技术及应用的蓬勃发展,不可避免地引发了一系列全球性安全问题。首先,人工智能技术的军备竞赛引发安全困境,各国在发展致命性自主武器系统以及智能化核武器系统等领域面临“两难困境”,军用人工智能系统的“能力-脆弱性”悖论凸显;其次,人工智能技术增加了先发制人攻击的可能性,加剧了危机爆发、升级的风险,冲击了既有的国际军备控制体系,从根本上对全球战略稳定构成严峻挑战;最后,致命性自主武器系统日益取代人类成为战争主体,使战争伦理和战争文化面临深刻危机。面对安全风险和挑战,人工智能领域的军备控制应当从核军控中汲取经验,通过大国间自上而下地构建战略互信和知识精英群体自下而上地塑造共识,共同推进人工智能军事化的安全治理。At present,the global development of the militarization of artificial intelligence presents a competitive situation,in which the US leads and other countries compete to catch up.In order to safeguard national security interests and seek the initiative in military competition,major countries have successively issued strategic development plans for military use of artificial intelligence,and built multi-dimensional intelligent equipment systems that integrate sea,land,air,space and cyberspace forces,and agencies specializing in coordination,research,development,and transformation and promotion.Such developments have promoted the vigorous advancement of global military artificial intelligence technology and applications,and inevitably caused a series of global security problems.First,the arms race of artificial intelligence technology has caused security dilemmas.Countries are facing a“dilemma”in the fields of developing lethal autonomous weapon systems and intelligent nuclear weapons systems.The paradox of“capability-vulnerability”of military artificial intelligence systems is highlighted.Second,artificial intelligence technology has increased the possibility of pre-emptive attacks,exacerbated the risk of crisis outbreak and escalation,impacted the existing international arms control system,and posed a fundamental challenge to global strategic stability.Finally,lethal autonomous weapons are increasingly replacing humans,becoming the main body of war and causing aprofound crisis to war ethics and war culture.In the face of security risks and challenges in arms control in the field of artificial intelligence,major powers should learn from the experience of nuclear arms control,and jointly promote the security governance of the militarization of artificial intelligence by building strategic mutual trust among themselves and consensus among their intellectuals and elites.

关 键 词：人工智能军事化 致命性自主武器系统 军备竞赛 战略稳定性 战争伦理 国际安全 

分 类 号：E91[军事]