鸦片战争后中日贸易与粤籍侨商  

Cantonese Merchants in China-Japan Trade in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：李鼎 LI Ding

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期27-37,共11页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“鸦片战争后港澳对外贸易文献整理与研究”(16ZDA130)。

摘　　要：1859年,日本政府开放横滨、函馆等口岸,大批广东人远赴日本各港口定居经商。这批粤籍侨商以“三缘”即血缘、地缘和业缘为纽带,从事以香港为枢纽的中日转口贸易。这些活动大致可分为三个阶段:贸易形成期(1859—1871年),粤商以横滨为中心,作为欧美商行的买办中介与日商交易,贸易的商品以丝、茶和海产为主;发展期(1872—1896年),粤商在阪神地区设立商铺,主要经营海产和火柴,构建神户(大阪)—香港—两广、东南亚的商品销售网,中日贸易快速发展;成熟期(1897年以后),大阪粤商迁至神户,成为中日贸易的主力之一,经营棉纱和杂货,中日贸易迎来繁盛期。此后,因香港金融混乱、粤商实力衰减和日德商人竞争而导致贸易衰落。In the late Qing dynasty, with the opening of Hong Kong as a free trade port in 1841 and the opening of ports such as Yokohama and Hakodate by the Japanese government in 1859, many Cantonese went to various ports in Japan to settle down and do business. These Cantonese merchants were engaged in the re-export trade between China and Japan centered on Hong Kong with the “three factors”, namely kinship, geography, and business relationship. The trade could be roughly divided into three stages: 1) the pioneering stage of trade(1859-1871), when Cantonese merchants were centered in Yokohama and trading with Japanese merchants as compradors for European and American firms, trading mainly silk, tea and marine products;2) the developing stage(1872-1896), during which Cantonese merchants mostly set up shops in Hanshin, mainly engaged in marine products and matches, and built a sales network among Kobe(Osak), Hong Kong, Guangdong and Guangxi, and Southeast Asia, so that China-Japan trade witnessed a rapid development;3) the mature stage(after 1897), when the Cantonese merchants in Osaka moved to Kobe, and became the main force in China-Japan trade. They began to trade cotton yarn and sundry goods. Therefore, China-Japan trade flourished for several years, but then declined because of the financial chaos in Hong Kong, the weakening of the Cantonese merchants, and the competition of Japanese and German businessmen.

关 键 词：晚清 粤籍侨商 中日贸易 香港 

分 类 号：K253[历史地理—历史学]