国际海底区域“两年规则”相关法律问题探析  

Analysis on legal issues of the“two-year rule”in the international seabed area

作　　者：徐向欣 XU Xiang-xin(KoGuan Law School,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,上海200030

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2022年第2期93-102,共10页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大研究专项“中国参与全球深海治理的行动方案研究”(20VHQ008)。

摘　　要：2021年6月,瑙鲁触发了《关于执行1982年12月10日〈联合国海洋法公约〉第十一部分的协定》下的“两年规则”,即国际海底管理局理事会须在两年内完成开发规章的制定。否则,理事会将不得不在没有规章的情况下审议开发申请。尽管瑙鲁触发“两年规则”的行为有权利滥用的嫌疑,但很难充分证明此种“滥用”并以此叫停“两年规则”。《“区域”内矿产资源开发规章草案》中环境、财政、检查、合规和执行以及机构事项下仍有许多议题有待商榷,按期出台规章的难度较大。理事会若在规章缺位情况下审核开发工作计划,只能依据《联合国海洋法公约》中的规定和理事会暂时制定的规章审议和暂时核准该工作计划,待规章出台后再作终局决定。中国无须被“两年规则”的启动扰乱节奏,而应坚持加强自身能力建设,并从全球深海治理的角度对“区域”布局进行全面的战略考量。In June 2021,Nauru triggered the“two-year rule”under the Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982,which requires the Council of the International Seabed Authority to complete the Exploitation Regulations within two years.Otherwise,the Council shall consider and provisionally approve such a plan of work without Exploitation Regulations in place.It is debatable whether it is an abuse of rights for Nauru.Nevertheless,it is difficult to prove such abuse and further halt the“two-year rule”triggered by Nauru.Moreover,it is unknown whether the Exploitation Regulations can be adopted within two years since a series of issues are still under discussion.In the absence of Exploitation Regulations,the Council may consider and provisionally approve such a plan of work according to relevant provisions under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and Draft Regulations on Exploitation of Mineral Resources in the Area provisionally adopted by the Council,which is subject to the Council’s final decision after the Exploitation Regulations in place.China should not be interfered with the trigger of the“two-year rule”but should insist on strengthening its own capacity building and making comprehensive strategic considerations for activities in the“Area”from the perspective of the global deep-sea governance.

关 键 词：国际海底区域 国际海底管理局 《“区域”内矿产资源开发规章草案》 “两年规则” 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]