基于不同生计类型的农户多维相对贫困测度与影响机理  

Multidimensional relative poverty measurement and influence mechanism of farm households based on different livelihood types

作　　者：刘愿理 廖和平[2] 蔡拔林 石永明 邱继勤 LIU Yuanli;LIAO Heping;CAI Balin;SHI Yongming;QIU Jiqin(School of Business Administration,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China;School of Geographical Science,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;People’s Government of Tongguanyi Town,Jiulongpo District,Chongqing 400050,China;Experimental Teaching Center of Economic Management,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学工商管理学院,重庆400067 [2]西南大学地理科学学院,重庆407407 [3]重庆市九龙坡区铜罐驿镇人民政府,重庆400050 [4]重庆工商大学经济管理实验教学中心,重庆400067

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2022年第5期165-175,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划项目“基于乡村振兴视域下的农村多维相对贫困治理机制研究”(批准号:2021BS075);重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究项目“新《土地管理法》背景下重庆市农村集体经营性建设用地入市风险判别与评价研究》”(批准号:20SKGH102);教育部人文社会科学研究项目“后2020三峡库区临界贫困群体致贫、返贫风险预警及防控机制研究”(批准号:20YJC790002);重庆工商大学高层次人才科研启动项目“乡村振兴视角下旅游助推农村相对贫困治理研究”(批准号:2155053)。

摘　　要：2020年后,中国农村绝对贫困彻底消除,但相对贫困问题仍将长期存在,且覆盖范围和贫困维度更广,致贫因素更复杂,将影响中国实现乡村振兴和共同富裕的目标。因此,文章基于多维相对贫困理论,从不同生计类型农户视角出发,以贵州省天柱县5 502户样本农户为研究对象,运用多维相对贫困测度模型、Dagum基尼系数和地理探测器等方法,尝试划定多维相对贫困标准,识别不同生计类型相对贫困户,深度剖析致贫原因及影响机理。研究结果表明:(1)研究区不同生计类型农户多维相对贫困程度较深,差异性较大,其中外出务工型农户相对贫困程度较低,政府兜底型农户相对贫困程度较高。(2)运用Dagum基尼系数验证了以多维相对贫困指数中位数的60%识别研究区不同生计类型相对贫困户更具合理性,其中政府兜底型相对贫困发生率较高,达到56.00%,其次是传统务农型和兼业型农户,外出务工型农户相对贫困发生率较低,仅为2.46%。(3)不同生计类型相对贫困户影响因素差异较大,传统务农型相对贫困户主要以外源滞后型为主,外出务工型和政府兜底型相对贫困户主要以内生滞后型为主,而政府兜底型相对贫困户主要以内生外源滞后型为主。基于上述研究结论,文章提出构建“一个中心三个着力点”传统务农型相对贫困户治理模式“,双核心双动力”外出务工型相对贫困户治理模式“,N+1”兼业型相对贫困户治理模式和“三管齐下”政府兜底型相对贫困户治理模式。Although China has announced that absolute poverty in its rural areas has been completely eliminated since 2020,relative poverty will continue to exist and will cover a broader range and dimension,and its poverty determinants will be more complicated,all of which will undermine China’s aim of realizing rural revitalization and boosting shared prosperity in the long run.Therefore,based on the theory of multidimensional relative poverty,this article examined 5,502 sample farm households in Tianzhu County,Guizhou Province,from the perspective of different livelihood types.Methodologies,such as the multidimensional relative poverty measure model,Dagum’s Gini coefficient,and geographical detector,were then applied to determine the multidimensional poverty line,identify different livelihood types of relatively poor households,and conduct an in-depth analysis of the causes and mechanisms of poverty.The findings of the study revealed that:(1) Farm households in different livelihood types in the study area exhibited a higher degree of multidimensional relative poverty and substantial disparities.Among them,relative poverty was low for those engaged in work-oriented activities but was high for those subsidized by the government.(2) The use of 60 percent as the median proportional value of the multidimensional relative poverty index was more rational and scientific when identifying farm households in different livelihood types in the study area,as verified by the Dagum’s Gini coefficient.Those who received government subsidies experienced the highest level of relative poverty(56.00 percent),followed by those engaged in traditional and part-time farming.And the work-oriented type had the lowest relative poverty rate,at just 2.46 percent.(3) The factors influencing farm households in different types of livelihoods varied significantly.For example,traditional farming households were primarily affected by exogenous factors,whereas those engaged in work-related activities and subsidized by the government mainly resulted fr

关 键 词：多维相对贫困 不同生计类型农户 影响机理 治理模式 天柱县 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]