数字社会走向前端防范的犯罪治理转型——以《中华人民共和国反电信网络诈骗法(草案)》为中心  

The Transformation of Digital Society to Front-end Preventive Crime Governance——A Case Study of A Draft Law on Anti-Telecom and Online Fraud

作　　者：单勇 SHAN Yong

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,南京210093

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期58-66,共9页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金一般项目“数据正义视域下犯罪的技术治理均衡发展研究”(20BFX066)的研究成果。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国反电信网络诈骗法(草案)》是一部面向电诈犯罪治理的急用先行的预防性法律制度,其针对电诈活动涉及的信息链、资金链、技术链、人员链等关键环节,将电信业务经营者、金融机构和支付机构、互联网服务提供者三类市场主体设定为反诈看门人,在通信治理、金融治理和互联网治理三个层面明确看门人的犯罪控制义务,搭建起“国家—市场主体—用户”的双层治理体系和基于看门人规则的前端防范模式。在其制度框架下,反诈看门人对犯罪控制义务的日常性履行成为前端防范模式的实现路径。这一立法设计推动了智能时代犯罪治理从事后回应到前端防范、从直接打击到分层管控、从运动式治理到日常性治理的模式转型。A Draft Law on Anti-Telecom and Online Fraud is enacted for preventing crimes of telecom and online fraud.The draft law focuses on the information chain,capital chain,technology chain,personnel chain and other key links involved in telecom and online fraud activities,and sets three types of market entities as telecom business operators,financial institutions and payment agencies,and internet service providers as anti-fraud gatekeepers.The draft law stipulates the obligation of crime control of gatekeepers at the three levels of communication governance,financial governance and internet governance,and establishes a two-tier governance system of“state-market entities-users”and a front-end preventive model based on gatekeeper rules.Under the framework of this system,the anti-fraud gatekeeper fulfills their obligation of crime control and the front-end preventive model of crime governance shall be realized.This legislative design promotes the transformation of crime governance in the intelligent era from post-response to front-end prevention,from direct combating to hierarchical management and control,and from sports governance to routine governance.

关 键 词：电信网络诈骗 犯罪治理转型 预防性法律制度 反诈看门人 犯罪控制义务 数字社会 

分 类 号：D924.13[政治法律—刑法学]