农事、实学与物理:方以智《物理小识》农学知识述论  

Farming,Real Learning and Principles of Things:Study on Agricultural Knowledge in Fang Yizhi’s Wu Li Xiao Zhi

作　　者：陈婷 杨宁 Chen Ting;Yang Ning

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2022年第3期231-237,共7页Agricultural Archaeology

摘　　要：晚明社会危机加深,有识之士倡导实学,由此推动了农学的发展。实学思潮的代表人物之一方以智,在其著作《物理小识》中,即记载了不少农学方面的知识。受当时汇编和集成文风的影响,方以智在撰写这些农学知识时,融会贯通诸家之言,从中国学者贾思勰的《齐民要术》、宋诩的《竹屿山房杂部》到西方传教士的著述,如《泰西水法》《职方外纪》等。除此之外,方以智也躬身观察与实践,他所叙述的花生压蔓法、坑孵法、松花蛋及红腐乳制法等,是明代农业新发展的珍贵文献例证。另一方面,《物理小识》的农学内容也是方以智践行“物理”研究的重要表现,由此可以反映他学术理论与实践追求的一种有趣的融合与平衡。To cope with ever deepening social crises in the late Ming period,insightful literati of the time promoted the idea of real learning,which propelled the development of agronomy in the period.As a representative figure,Fang Yizhi(1611-1671)included a great deal of agricultural knowledge in his Wu Li Xiao Zhi(Notes on the Principles of Things).Affected by the prevailing fashion of collective compilation in the contemporary scholarship,Fang Yizhi tried to borrow and integrate knowledge from various sources,from Jia Sixie’s Qi Min Yao Shu(Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People)and Song Xu’s Grove Hermitage on Zhuyu Mountain by Chinese authors to the Tai Xi Shui Fa(Hydraulic Machinery of the West)and the Zhi Fang Wai Ji(World Atlas)by Jesuits in China.In addition,the book also contains Fang Yizhi’s own experience and observations,some of which were good examples of the development of agricultural techniques in the Ming dynasty.On the other hand,agricultural knowledge in the book also reflects the important aspects of Fang Yizhi’s investigation of the principles of things,from which we can see an interesting mixture and balance between the theoretical and practical pursuits of his academic explorations.

关 键 词：方以智 《物理小识》 农学 实学思想 

分 类 号：K826.3[历史地理—历史学]