运动经验对乒乓球运动员无意识加工的影响:来自ERP和行为实验的证据  

Effect of Motor Expertise on Unconscious Processing of Table Tennis Athletes:Evidences from ERP and Behavior Experiments

作　　者：孟繁莹 耿家先 李安民[1] MENG Fanying;GENG Jiaxian;LI Anmin(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438 [2]湖州师范学院,湖州浙江313000

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第6期32-40,共9页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971023);湖州市自然科学资金项目(2020YZ08)。

摘　　要：目的:采用事件相关电位(event-related potential,ERP)技术记录被试在完成认知任务过程中的大脑活动变化,并结合行为表现,探讨运动经验对乒乓球运动员无意识加工的影响。方法:以乒乓球运动员(n=20)和普通大学生(n=21)为研究对象,选取与乒乓球运动相关的刺激材料,通过行为测量和ERP技术,比较乒乓球运动员与普通大学生在掩蔽启动任务中的行为表现及大脑活动模式。结果:1)乒乓球运动员表现出显著的无意识反应启动效应,而普通大学生则没有。2)乒乓球运动员的无意识反应启动效应在目标刺激出现后的300~500 ms内,对位于顶区和顶中央的平均波幅具有调节作用,然而普通大学生并未表现出这一调节效应。3)在完成掩蔽启动任务中,乒乓球运动员的舌回、后扣带回、楔叶、海马旁回、梭状回、中央前回、顶下小叶及额下回等脑区显著激活。结论:在与专项运动相关信息的加工过程中,乒乓球运动员表现出较强的无意识加工能力,这可能与其对专项运动相关信息的高知觉敏感性及知觉与动作的共同编码有关。此外,视觉的背侧通路与腹侧通路可能共同作用于乒乓球运动员的无意识反应启动效应。Objective:Using event-related potential(ERP)technique to record the changes of brain activity during completing cognitive task,the study is aimed to explore the effect of motor expertise on the unconscious processing of table tennis players in combination with behavioral performance.Methods:20 table tennis athletes and 21 ordinary college students were recruited,and the materials used in this study were related to table tennis.The behavior performance and brain activity patterns of table tennis athletes and ordinary college students in the masked priming task were compared by means of behavioral measurement and ERP.Results:1)Table tennis athletes exhibited significant unconscious response priming effect,whereas ordinary college students did not.2)The unconscious response priming effect modulated the average amplitude of 300-500 ms after the presentation of target in parietal and parietal-central areas for table tennis athletes,but ordinary college students did not.3)During completing the masked priming task,the lingual,cuneus,fusiform gyri,anterior central gyri,inferior parietal lobule,inferior frontal gyri and other brain areas were significantly activated in table tennis athletes.Conclusions:Compared with ordinary college students,table tennis athletes showed stronger unconscious processing in the sport specific domain,which may be related to the high perceptual sensitivity and the common coding of perceptual-action to the sport-specific information.In addition,the dorsal and ventral streams of visual may work together on the unconscious response priming effect of table tennis athletes.

关 键 词：运动经验 无意识加工 知觉敏感性 知觉-动作共同表征 视觉双通路 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]