离心训练对足球运动员下肢柔韧性和均衡性的影响  

Effect of Eccentric Training on Lower-Limb Flexibility and Balance of Football Players

作　　者：刘洋[1] 刘浩[2] LIU Yang;LIU Hao(National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410072,China;BeiJing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学,湖南长沙410072 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第6期54-59,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：目的:探讨在足球训练结束部分进行腘绳肌离心练习对足球运动员腘绳肌柔韧性和左右两侧均衡性的影响。方法:以北京体育大学男足校代表队和女足校代表队除守门员外32名队员为实验对象,分为北欧腘绳肌练习和单腿硬拉组(NHE&SLD)、北欧腘绳肌练习组(NHE)、单腿硬拉组(SLD)和对照组(CG),进行6周离心训练干预。组内采用配对样本t检验,组间采用单因素协方差分析。结果:坐位体前屈测试组内训练干预后测与前测相比,NHE&SLD组和SLD组均具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),NHE组具有显著性差异(P<0.05),CG组无统计学差异。组间对比,NHE&SLD组提升效果最为明显,SLD组、NHE组略有提升,但无统计学差异。主动直膝抬腿测试组内对比,前测4组左右两侧主动直膝抬腿角度差异均非常显著(P<0.01),后测NHE&SLD组左右两侧差异幅度减少最大,其次是SLD组,NHE组和CG组差异减少幅度相对较小。组间对比,NHE&SLD组左右两侧提升效果均最为明显,其次是SLD组,NHE组提升效果相对较差。结论:足球训练结束部分进行离心训练对足球运动员腘绳肌柔韧性和均衡性改善具有积极作用。北欧腘绳肌练习可有效提升腘绳肌柔韧性,单腿硬拉可有效改善左右两侧腘绳肌的均衡性,同时进行北欧腘绳肌练习和单腿硬拉练习可有效改善腘绳肌的柔韧性和均衡性。因此,离心训练能够较为有效地预防足球运动员腘绳肌损伤。Objective:Discussion on the effect of hamstring eccentric exercise on the flexibility and balance at the left and right hamstring muscle of football players at the end of football training.Methods:Thirty two players of the male team and female team of Beijing Sports University school team were selected as subjects except the goalkeeper,who were divided into Nordic hamstring exercise and single-leg deadlift exercise group(NHE&SLD),Nordic hamstring exercise group(NHE),single-leg deadlift exercise group(SLD)and control group(CG).Six weeks of intervention eccentric training was conducted.Intra-group use Paired-Samples t test,Inter-group use One-Way analysis of covariance.Results:Sit-and-reach test Intra-group Pre-test and Posttest contrast:NHE&SLD group and SLD group had very significant difference(P<0.01).NHE group had significant difference(P<0.05).Control group had no significant difference.Intergroup comparison:The promotion effect of NHE&SLD group was the most obvious.SLD group and NHE group increased slightly,but there was no significant difference.Leg Raising test Intra-group contrast:There were significant differences in the left and right side Leg Raising of pre-test(P<0.01),The difference between left and right sides of post-test NHE&SLD group is the most reduced.In the middle is SLD groups,the difference between left and right sides of NHE group and CG group is relatively small.Inter-group comparison:Both sides of the NHE&SLD group were the most obvious,followed by the SLD group,and the NHE group was relatively poor.Conclusions:At the end of the football training,eccentric exercise has a positive effect on the improvement of hamstring flexibility and balance in football players.Nordic hamstring exercises can effectively improve hamstring flexibility.Single-leg deadlift can effectively improve the balance of left and right hamstring muscles.Both Nordic hamstring exercises and Single-leg deadlift can effectively improve the flexibility and balance of the hamstring muscle.The hamstring eccentric training can

关 键 词：腘绳肌 离心训练 柔韧性 均衡性 足球 

分 类 号：G804.23[文化科学—运动人体科学]