耕地地力评价方法及实践应用研究进展  

Evaluation Methods of Cultivated Land Fertility and Their Practical Application:Research Progress

作　　者：厉雅华 张向前 安祺 武迪 刘战勇 孙峰 张德健[1,2] 高敏 张国英 邢俊 LI Yahua;ZHANG Xiangqian;AN Qi;WU Di;LIU Zhanyong;SUN Feng;ZHANG Dejian;GAO Min;ZHANG Guoying;XING Jun(College of Life Science,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010070;Key Laboratory of Herbage&Endemic Crop Biotechnology,Ministry of Education,Hohhot 010070;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control,Hohhot 010031;Arun Banner Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia 162750;Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Wushen Banner,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017300;Inner Mongolia Zhongnong High Tech Technology Co.,Ltd.,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017004;Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center,Dalat Banner,Ordos City,Hohhot 014300)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010070 [2]牧草与特色作物教育部重点实验室,呼和浩特010070 [3]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特010031 [4]退化农田生态修复与污染治理重点实验室,呼和浩特010031 [5]阿荣旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古呼伦贝尔162750 [6]鄂尔多斯市乌审旗农牧局,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017300 [7]内蒙古中农高科科技有限公司,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017004 [8]鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗农牧技术推广中心,呼和浩特014300

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第15期60-68,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目“北方农牧交错区耕地保育与地力提升关键技术研究示范”(zdzx2018017),“免(少)耕周年水分合理利用技术研究”(2020ZD0005-0403),“农牧交错区农田污染防治与可持续利用关键技术研究与示范”(2019ZD009);内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院青年创新项目“耕作方式对内蒙古东部黑土农田土壤有机碳组分及酶活性的影响”(2017QNJJNO1)。

摘　　要：耕地是农业生产发展的主要自然资源之一。耕地地力是表征农田质量优劣的主要指标,对农业生产发展具有直接的影响作用,因此,进行耕地地力评价指标体系构建及分级是保证农田合理利用的关键所在,对耕地保护、地力提升和农业生产发展具有重要意义。本文主要简述了国内外耕地地力评价的相关研究,进一步综述了近年来应用较为广泛的8种主要技术及方法的发展历史和评价应用的优缺点。现有研究结果表明,传统评价方法存在一定的局限性,法律法规也亟待完善。随着计算机网络技术和GIS技术快速发展,人工智能方法以及以GIS为基础的数据挖掘方法将逐渐成为研究热点,GIS以及卫星遥感等技术的应用也将更为广泛,对提高农田信息的准确性和时效性更为精准化。通过本文的综述比较,以期在一定程度上为第三次全国土壤普查以及发展效益农业、绿色生态农业和农业可持续发展提供理论及技术支撑。Cultivated land is one of the major natural resources of agricultural production development.Cultivated land fertility is a main index in the characterization of farmland quality, and it has direct impact on the development of agricultural production. The construction of cultivated land fertility evaluation index system is the key to ensure the rational utilization of farmland, which is of great significance to the protection of cultivated land, the improvement of soil fertility and the development of agricultural production. In this paper,the relevant research of cultivated land fertility assessment at home and abroad was briefly introduced.Furthermore, the development history, advantages and disadvantages of eight major technologies and methods widely used in cultivated land fertility assessment at home and abroad were summarized. The available research results show that the traditional evaluation methods have some limitations, and the laws and regulations need to be improved. With the rapid development of computer network technology and GIS technology, artificial intelligence method and GIS-based data mining method will gradually become the research hotspot, and the application of GIS and satellite remote sensing technology will be more extensive and could improve the accuracy and timeliness of farmland information. Based on the review conducted by this study, it is expected to provide theoretical and technical support for the Third National Soil Survey, as well as the development of profitable, ecological and sustainable agriculture.

关 键 词：耕地 地力评价 GIS 评价方法 指标体系构建 研究进展 

分 类 号：S159[农业科学—土壤学] P964[农业科学—农业基础科学]