利用热镀锌厂锌尘生产液体有机锌肥的研究  

Production of Liquid Organic Zinc Fertilizer by Reusing Zinc Ash Waste from Hot Dipped Galvanizing Plant

作　　者：马文舟 陈妍妍 吴洪生[3] 王晓云 孙倩 丁军 李妍慧 刘政 蔡云彤 徐金益 张金福 殷文[7] 张绪美 许建华 MA Wenzhou;CHEN Yanyan;WU Hongsheng;WANG Xiaoyun;SUN Qian;DING Jun;LI Yanhui;LIU Zheng;CAI Yuntong;XU Jinyi;ZHANG Jinfu;YIN Wen;ZHANG Xumei;XU Jianhua(Xuyi County Arable Land Quality Protection Station,Xuyi,Jiangsu 211700;Nanjing City Nuclear Radiation Center,Nanjing 210012;Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044;Xinghua City Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Xinghua,Jiangsu 225500;Wuxi City Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214021;Nanjing City Gaochun Arable Land Quality Protection Station,Gaochun,Jiangsu 211300;Taixing Agricultural Technology Extending Center,Taixing,Jiangsu 225400;Taicang City Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Taicang,Jiangsu 215400;Nanjing City Environmental Monitoring Station,Nanjing 210012)

机构地区：[1]盱眙县耕地质量保护站,江苏盱眙211700 [2]南京市核辐照中心,南京210012 [3]南京信息工程大学农业资源与环境系,南京210044 [4]兴化市农业技术推广中心,江苏兴化225500 [5]无锡市农业技术推广总站,江苏无锡214021 [6]南京市高淳区耕地质量保护站,江苏高淳211300 [7]泰兴市农技推广中心,江苏泰兴225400 [8]太仓市农业技术推广中心,江苏太仓215400 [9]南京市环境监测总站,南京210012

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第15期91-97,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“西瓜连作障碍土壤微生物群落结构-功能模型及土壤功能预测”(31670500);南京市环保局项目“镀锌厂锌灰综合利用生产有机锌肥”(201614);苏州市科技重点研发计划“土壤生态功能退化条件下设施蔬菜高效生态栽培关键技术研究与示范(SNG2018088)。

摘　　要：旨在从固废资源化利用的角度研究热镀锌厂锌尘制作农业上的微量元素肥料,变废为宝,发展循环经济。以热镀锌厂锌尘为试材,采用无机酸、无机酸-有机酸混合酸浸提锌尘中锌元素,制作液体有机锌肥,用ICP-OES测定溶液中锌的含量。结果表明,较大的称样量和较高浓度酸反应,ICP测定的结果误差较小,以称样量5~10 g比较好。用单一酸处理没有混合酸处理效果好,以无机酸与有机酸混合处理效果较好。混合酸浸提液处理花生、大豆、紫玉糯种子,低浓度(1.5 mg/L)能提高种子发芽率,高浓度(6.5 mg/L)抑制种子发芽,当达到45 mg/L时,所有作物种子不能萌发。同样低浓度锌肥促进作物幼苗生长,高浓度抑制作物幼苗生长,当锌浓度达到85 mg/L时,紫玉糯生物量比对照减少80%,但对大豆生长影响较小。利用盐酸和柠檬酸混合酸生产液体有机锌肥,既能解决热镀锌厂锌尘环境污染问题,又能解决农田土壤缺锌问题,促进作物生长。The aims are to study the production of microelement fertilizer using zinc ash waste from hot dipped galvanizing plant from the perspective of solid waste resource utilization, to change waste into valuables and to develop the recycle economy. The zinc ash waste from hot dipped galvanizing plant was used as material in this study. Inorganic acid and a mixture of inorganic acid and organic acid were used to extract zinc from zinc ash to prepare liquid organic zinc fertilizer. ICP-OES was used to determine zinc concentration of the liquid. The results showed that relatively small sample weighing error was found under large sample weighing amount and high concentration of acid, and good result was obtained when the sample weighing amount of zinc was 5-10 g.Better effect was achieved with the mixture of inorganic acid and organic acid compare to that of single acid.The best dissolving effect of zinc ash was gained by the mixture of inorganic acid and organic acid. The extract of zinc ash by mixing acids was used to treat seeds of peanut, soybean and purple maize. The germinating rate of seeds was increased at low concentration of zinc(1.5 mg/L), while high concentration of zinc(6.5 mg/L)inhibited the germinating rate and all seeds did not germinate at the concentration of 45 mg/L. The low concentration of zinc extract could promote seedlings’ growth but high concentration had an inhibition effect.When the concentration of zinc was 85 mg/L, there was a reduction of purple maize biomass of 80% compared to that of the control, but the effect on soybean growth was small. It is concluded that a mixture of inorganic acid and organic acid can be used to make liquid organic zinc fertilizer which can solve the problems of environmental pollution caused by zinc ash waste and soil zinc deficiency, and promote crop growth.

关 键 词：热镀锌 锌尘 有机锌肥 液体肥料 大豆 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]