炭基及硅酸盐类钝化剂对辣椒地土壤中度Cd污染效应研究  

Effect of Carbon-based and Silicate Passivators on Cd Reduction in Moderately Cd Contaminated Chili Soil

作　　者：文雄 范成五[2] 韩茂德 邵代兴 秦松[2] 柴冠群 WEN Xiong;FAN Chengwu;HAN Maode;SHAO Daixing;QIN Song;CHAI Guanqun(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025;Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006;Bozhou District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zunyi,Guizhou 563100;Zunyi Rural Development Service Center,Zunyi,Guizhou 563006)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院,贵阳550006 [3]播州区农业农村局,贵州遵义563100 [4]遵义市农村发展服务中心,贵州遵义563006

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第15期98-104,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：黔科合支撑“遵义辣椒产地重金属调查及安全生产关键技术研究与示范”([2018]2338);黔农科院“重金属(Cd、As等)污染农田土壤固化修复技术研究与集成示范”(CR合字[2014]12号);镉污染耕地辣椒安全生产综合调控技术研发(TFS—JY—001)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在为黔中地区辣椒的安全生产提供理论指导以及筛选在中度镉污染地区钝化效果良好的钝化剂。选取2种炭基钝化剂(椰壳生物炭、活性炭)和2种硅酸盐类钝化剂(硅钙肥、海泡石)开展田间小区试验。试验设计选择单施钝化剂以及炭基钝化剂与硅酸盐类钝化剂混合配施,施用总量均为3000 kg/hm^(2)。结果表明:单施硅钙肥处理下对提高土壤pH效果最显著,使土壤pH与CK相比提高了2.36个单位;混施处理下对提高土壤pH效果最显著的处理是:活+海,使土壤pH提高了2.07个单位。单施硅钙肥对降低土壤中DTPA-Cd的含量效果最好,其降低率为36.5%;混施处理下对降低土壤中DTPACd的含量效果最好的处理是:椰+硅,降低率为28.5%。单施海泡石能够显著降低土壤Cd在辣椒果实中的富集系数,使辣椒果实中Cd的含量显著降低,降低率为47.4%,最大限度降低辣椒可食用部分中的安全风险。初步建议在中度Cd污染地区施用炭基钝化剂与硅酸盐类钝化剂时单独施用或者错开时间施用,不仅能有效降低土壤及作物中Cd的污染风险,还能最大限度改良土壤和提高钝化剂的钝化效率。This study aims to provide theoretical guidance for the safe production of chili in central Guizhou and screen out passivators with better effect in areas with moderate cadmium pollution. Two kinds of carbonbased passivators(coconut-shell biochar and activated carbon) and two kinds of silicate passivators(silicacalcium fertilizer and sepiolite) were selected to carry out field plot experiments. In the experimental design,passivators were added alone or carbon-based passivators were mixed with silicate passivators, and the total amount of application was 3000 kg/hm^(2). The results showed that the single application of silicon-calcium had the most significant effect on increasing soil pH, which was increased by 2.36 units compared with that of CK.Under the treatments of mixed application of passivators, the most significant treatment for increasing soil pH was activated carbon + sepiolite, which increased soil pH by 2.07 units. The application of silicon-calcium alone had the best effect on reducing the content of DTPA-Cd in soil, and the reduction rate was 36.5%.Coconut-shell biochar + silicon-calcium had the best effect on reducing the content of DTPA-Cd in the soil among the mixed application of passivators, and the reduction rate was 28.5%. Sepiolite alone could significantly reduce the enrichment coefficient of Cd in chili, and the content of Cd in chili was significantly reduced by 47.4%, which could minimize the safety risk in edible parts of chili. It is suggested that carbonbased passivators and silicate passivators should be applied separately or at different time in areas with moderate Cd contamination, which could not only effectively reduce the contamination risk of Cd in soil and crops, but also maximize soil improvement and enhance the passivation efficiency of passivators.

关 键 词：炭基钝化剂 硅酸盐类钝化剂 镉 辣椒 钝化 安全风险 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]