浅谈现代训犬理论的发展和应用  

Introduction to the development and application of modern dog training theory

作　　者：黄勇 谢金富 陈修强 HUANG Yong;XIE Jinfu;CHEN Xiuqiang(Guangzhou Technician College,Guangzhou Guangdong 510410;JinBao Cattery,Guangzhou Guangdong 510800)

机构地区：[1]广州市技师学院,广东广州510410 [2]金豹猫舍,广东广州510800

出　　处：《广东畜牧兽医科技》2022年第3期126-130,共5页Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science

摘　　要：随着人们生活水平的极大提高,养宠物成为一种时尚,宠物犬的饲养量相应增多。提高宠物犬素质、减少治安问题的需求,促进了宠物训导行业迅速发展。本文对经过百余年发展演变的现代训犬理论体系进行介绍,以期为宠物训导提供理论依据和参考方法。巴浦洛夫的经典条件反射理论帮助人们了解犬的行为,并且可以进行科学的训练,桑代克的试误——联结学习理论对如何激发、抑制狗的行为提供了可操作的理论依据。斯金纳在两位前辈的基础上提出操作性条件反射,成为了现代训犬方法的理论根基。经典条件反射和操作性条件反射理论相辅相成,取得良好的训犬效果,并推动训犬方法从传统训犬法逐渐发展为正向训练法。随着科学研究的发展和训犬理念的进步,未来的训犬将更多的回归犬行为本身,尊重它们的自然行为,回馈它们的福利改善,让犬和人类实现真正意识上的和谐共处,幸福陪伴。With the great improvement of people’s living standard,keeping pets has become a kind of fashion,and the number of pet dogs has increased accordingly.The need to improve pet dogs behavior and reduce security problems has spurred the rapid development of the pet training industry.This paper introduces the modern theoretical system of dog training after more than one hundred years of development,in order to provide theoretical basis and reference methods for pet training.Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory helps people understand dog behavior and the dogs can be trained scientifically.Thorndike’s Law of learning theory provides an operational theoretical basis for how to stimulate and inhibit dog behavior.Skinner proposed operant conditioning theory on the basis of the two predecessors’work,which became the theoretical foundation of modern dog training methods.Classical conditioning and operant conditioning theory complement each other,to achieve good dog training effect,and promote the gradual development of dog training method from traditional dog training method to positive training method.With the development of scientific research and dog training,dog training method will return to dog behavior,respect their natural behavior,give back their welfare improvements,so that human and dog can truly achieve harmonious coexistence and happiness.

关 键 词：训犬 经典条件反射 操作性条件反射 正向训练 

分 类 号：S829.2[农业科学—畜牧学]