农村易腐垃圾静态堆肥初步研究——以福建省明溪县胡坊镇为例  

A Preliminary Study of Static Aerobic Composting of Rural Perishable Waste:A Case Study in Hufang Town,Mingxi County,Fujian Province

作　　者：陈海滨[1] 谢宗汉 肖可可 苗雨[1] 王习平 汪俊时 杨家宽[1] CHEN Haibin;XIE Zonghan;XIAO Keke;MIAO Yu;WANG Xiping;WANG Junshi;YANG Jiakuan(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430074;Fujian Branch of China Urban Construction Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Fuzhou Fujian 350001;Wuhan Huaxi Technology Development Co.Ltd.,Wuhan Hubei 430074)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国城市建设研究院有限公司福建分院,福建福州350001 [3]武汉华曦科技发展有限公司,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2022年第3期8-18,共11页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100600);福建省农村有机易腐垃圾堆肥课题研究采购项目([3500]RWZB[GK]2018098-1)。

摘　　要：结合农村易腐垃圾的特性以及农村普遍存在秸秆等农作物的有利条件,以福建省明溪县胡坊镇为研究区域,开展农村易腐垃圾静态堆肥试验。从温度层面看,静态堆肥在初级发酵阶段有较好的升温效果,能有效实现无害化(静态堆肥能在55℃以上维持至少5 d,但需1~2 d方能达到55℃以上)。静态堆肥堆体内存在温度分层现象,堆体含水率越高(>70%),温度分层现象越明显,且上层堆体往往升温更快(进料24 h内达到55℃)、堆体温度更高(70℃以上)。就堆肥产品而言,从减量化程度上看,初级发酵完成后可实现30%左右的减量化(减容率与减重率均能达到),次级发酵完成后全过程减容率在40%以上,全过程减重率在50%以上,最高可达61.23%,减量化效果显著。从脱水效果上看,静态堆肥脱水效率保持在22%~49%。次级发酵结束后,堆肥产品基本腐熟,堆肥产品总养分(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O)含量较高(>5%),种子发芽指数最高可达160.00%(其余批次基本能保持在90%以上),有较强的资源化利用潜力,可直接回田利用,堆肥工艺基本成熟。静态堆肥初级发酵后能有效实现无害化(4项无害化指标均达标)。Combined with the characteristics of rural perishable waste and the favorable conditions of straw and other crops in rural areas,the static composting experiment of rural perishable waste was carried out in Hufang Town,Mingxi County,Fujian Province.In terms of temperature,static composting showed a good heating effect during the primary fermentation stage and could effectively achieved harmlessness(static composting could be maintained above 55℃ for at least 5 days,but it took 1~2 days to reach above 55℃).Temperature stratification was noted in the static compost pile.The higher the moisture content of the pile was(above 70%),the more obvious the temperature stratification was,the upper pile tended to heat up faster(up to 55℃ within 24 hours of feeding)and the temperature was higher(above 70℃).In terms of compost products,from the degree of reduction,about 30%reduction could be achieved after the completion of primary fermentation(both volume reduction rate and weight reduction rate were achieved).After the completion of secondary fermentation,the volume reduction rate of the whole process was more than 40%,and the weight reduction rate in the whole process was more than 50%,up to 61.23%,characterized by a remarkable reduction effect.In terms of dehydration effect,the static composting dehydration efficiency remained between 22%~49%.After secondary fermentation,compost products were basically rotten.The content of total nutrients(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O)of compost products was high(above 5%),and the maximum seed germination index could reached 160.00%(other batches were generally maintained at more than 90%).It showed strong resource utilization potential,and could be directly returned back to the field for utilization,and the composting process was basically mature.The static composting could effectively achieve harmlessness after primary fermentation(all four harmlessness indexes met the standards).

关 键 词：好氧堆肥 静态堆肥 农村易腐垃圾 示范工程 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]