从“增长联盟”到“公平治理”——城市空间治理转型的国家视角  

From Growth Coalition to Equity Governance: A Political Logic of Spatial Governance in Urban China

作　　者：葛天任[1] 李强[2] GE Tianren;LI Qiang

机构地区：[1]同济大学政治与国际关系学院 [2]清华大学社会学系

出　　处：《城市规划学刊》2022年第1期81-88,共8页Urban Planning Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“基于大数据的超大城市社区公共服务设施公平配置与精准治理研究”(项目编号:18CSH005);国家社科基金重大项目“新发展理念下中国城乡社区治理与服务体系研究”(项目编号:21ZDA111)的阶段性成果;国家自然科学基金重点项目“城市交通治理现代化理论研究”(项目编号:71734004)。

摘　　要：随着中国大规模快速的城镇化发展,城市空间治理及其转型问题的重要性愈发凸显。简单地采用“增长机器”理论或城市多元政体理论来理解中国的城市空间治理,难以看清全貌。基于对1985年以来北京城市空间开发与更新的纵贯研究,提出理解中国城市空间治理转型需要超越上述两种理论并从国家视角切入加以分析。国家在城市发展的不同阶段通过调整其政策目标以回应民众的主要诉求,推动城市空间治理的渐进式变革:从促增长型治理、社会改革型治理、公共利益型治理到社会公平型治理。中国城市空间治理经历了从“增长联盟”到“公平治理”的转型之路,其内在逻辑是以增长促改革、以改革促发展。这使得城市空间治理不仅实现了增长而且正在实现更高水平的公平。As rapid and large-scale urbanization deepens in China, the issues of urban spatial governance and its transformation have become more and more prominent in research and policy making. The overreliance on the "growth machine" theory and the urban regime theory to understand China’s urban spatial governance will lead to overgeneralization and neglect of the whole picture. Based on a longitudinal study on the development and renewal of Beijing’s urban area since 1985, it is argued that to better understand China’s urban spatial governance, it is necessary to probe into national governance as the state controls and manages urban space through land regulation and capital and household registration. Over different stages of urban development, by adjusting policy objectives to respond to the voices of the general public,the state has gradually promoted the transformation of urban spatial governance from a model based on "growth coalition" to one seeking "equity governance". Hence spatial governance will lead to not only growth but also social equity.

关 键 词：城市治理 空间治理 增长机器 社会公平 城市更新 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]