日照港邻近海域秋季鱼类群落结构研究  

Fish Community Structure in Coastal Waters of Rizhao Port in Autumn

作　　者：商杰 黄娟[1,2] 王尽文 屈文[1,2] 于洋 陶卉卉[1,2] 陶金波 SHANG Jie;HUANG Juan;WANG Jinwen;QU Wen;YU Yang;TAO Huihui;TAO Jinbo(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment&Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Qingdao 266061,China;North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration(SOA),Qingdao Oceanic Environmental Monitoring Central Station of SOA,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室,山东青岛266061 [2]国家海洋局北海预报中心,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2022年第2期66-73,共8页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1404000);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1403700);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402103);山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室2018年度开放基金(201802).

摘　　要：2013年11月(秋季)在日照港邻近海域布设20个调查站,采用网目40 mm,网口周长51.5 m,囊网网目20 mm,作业网口宽度约16 m的底拖网调查了渔业资源。每站以平均拖速2.7 kn的速度拖曵1 h,依此资料分析了该海域鱼类的种类组成、优势度、渔获量和群落多样性。调查区域内共鉴定鱼类43种,隶属9目33科40属。其中出现较多的有鲈形目(Perciformes)、鲉形目(Scorpaeniformes)、鲽形目(Pleuronectiformes)和鲱形目(Clupeiformes)。调查区域平均渔获重量和平均渔获尾数分别为13.91 kg/h和2170 ind./h,优势种为矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、尖海龙(Syngnathus acus)、方氏锦鳚(Enedrias fangi)、短鳍(Callionymus kitaharae)和绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys kumu)。鱼类物种的平均多样性指数(H')、平均匀度指数(J)和平均丰富度指数(D)依次为1.37、0.49和2.19。当相似性尺度为50%时,20个调查站位可划分为2个群落,调查区域鱼类群落结构简单、站位之间相似性较高。与历史资料相比,经济较高物种渔获量明显减少,仅能形成小规模渔汛。Species composition,dominate species,catch weight,catch quantity,spatial distribution of catch,community similarity,and community diversity of fish were analyzed at 20 survey stations in the coastal waters of Rizhao Port based on the bottom trawl survey data collected with a mesh size of 40 mm,a co-end of 51.5 m,a mesh of 20 mm,and a width of about 16 m in November 2013(autumn)in order to elucidate the dynamics of fish community structure in the coastal waters of Rizhao Port.There were 43 fish species in the survey area,belonging to 40 genera,33 families and 9 orders,with more species in Perciformes,Scorpaeniformes,Pleuronectiformes and Clupeiforms.The catch weight was ranged from 1.21 kg/h to 34.36 kg/h,with an average of 24.59 kg/h,and the catch quantity was varied from 130 ind./h to 5,303 ind./h,with an average of 2,170 ind./h.Index of Relative Importance(IRI)revealed that finespot goby Chaeturichthys stigmatias,longsnout pipefish Syngnathus acus,Fang’s blenny Enedrias fangi,Kitahara’s dragonet Callionymus kitaharae and bluefin gurnard Chelidonichthys kumu were ranked as dominate species in the coastal waters of Rizhao Port.Shannon diversity(H')was calculated as 0.60~2.04,with an average of 1.37;Pielou's evenness index(J)as 0.21~0.72,with an average of 0.49;and Margalef's species richness diversity(D)as 1.23~3.66,with an average of 2.19.Based on 50%similarity level,20 stations were divided into 2 different communities,and aggregated into a group when the similarity scale was 30%.The community structure in the coastal waters of Rizhao Port was featured by simple and high similarity at each station.Compared with the historical data in the same sea area,the average catch per haul of economically higher species was obviously reduced in the coastal waters of Rizhao Port,only small-scale catching season was formed in a specific sea area in a given season.

关 键 词：海洲湾 日照港 渔业资源 群落结构 优势种 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]