专利侵权惩罚性赔偿制度的理论证成与规则修正  

Theoretical Justification and Rule Amendment of the System of Punitive Compensation for Patent Infringement

作　　者：邓恒 Deng Heng

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学文法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2022年第3期199-210,共12页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“商业秘密与竞业禁止法律问题研究”(19FFXB025);2021年北方工业大学教育教学改革(重点)项目“交叉融合的技术类知识产权人才培养模式研究与实践”(108051360021XN286)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《专利法》第71条新增惩罚性赔偿条款,标志着惩罚性赔偿制度在专利侵权领域的正式确立。鉴于专利权与传统民法视域下权利特征的独特差异,专利法引入惩罚性赔偿制度具有价值上的正当性。司法适用中,应当明确行为人的主观状态为直接故意,将其视为具有与主观恶意相同的内涵。同时,积极构建“情节严重”的多维度判定理念,将“赔偿基数”严格限制于实际损失或侵权获利以及许可费倍数,并量化“计算倍数”的确定标准。基于专利法的价值考量,需进一步否定“未实施专利”与“低质量专利”匹配惩罚性赔偿条款的适格性,从而使其实现法律效果与社会效果的统一。The new punitive damages clause in Article 71 of the Patent Law marks the formal establishment of the punitive damages system in the field of patent infringement.Given the unique differences between patent rights and the characteristics of rights in the traditional civil law,the introduction of punitive damages in the patent law is justified in value.In judicial application,it should be clear that the perpetrator's subjective state is direct intention,and it should be regarded as having the same connotation as subjective maliciousness.At the same time,actively construct a multidimensional judgment concept of"serious circumstances",strictly limit the"compensation base"to actual losses or infringement profits and multiples of license fees,and quantify the criteria for determining"calculation multiples".Based on the value considerations of the patent law,it is necessary to further negate the suitability of punitive damages clause for matching"non-practiced patents"and"low-quality patents",so as to achieve the unification of legal and social effects.

关 键 词：惩罚性赔偿 直接故意 未实施专利 低质量专利 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]