生草覆盖模式对旱地苹果园土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Grass Mulching on Soil Fertility of Apple Orchards in Dry Tableland

作　　者：韩萍[1] 姚志龙[1] 李科[1] HAN Ping;YAO Zhi-long;LI Ke(College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,Longdong University,Qingyang 745000,China)

机构地区：[1]陇东学院农林科技学院,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《中国果菜》2022年第6期63-66,共4页China Fruit & Vegetable

基　　金：2020年现代思路寒旱农业果品产业发展项目(gsslhh2020-2);甘肃省重点研发计划(20YF3NA019);庆阳市科技局自然科学基金类项目(QY2021A-F019);果园“减肥降碱”增效技术研究与示范(QNKB2-2);中央引导地方科技发展专项(QNKB2-2)。

摘　　要：为研究不同生草覆盖对陇东旱地苹果园土壤养分含量的影响,以‘烟富三号’苹果品种为试材,利用“低垄覆膜+行间生草”覆盖模式,分析了不同耕作模式下的土壤养分含量。结果表明,生草覆盖对苹果园0~40 cm土壤的养分均有提高作用,其中以牛繁缕覆盖模式下土壤有机质积累最多。对上层(0~20 cm)和下层(20~40 cm)的土壤养分含量的测定结果表明,牛繁缕覆盖模式下有机质含量分别增加49.15%和11.65%;生草覆盖对土壤全氮积累量的影响与有机质基本一致,同样是牛繁缕覆盖模式下积累最多,上层和下层分别增加了37.5%和14.28%;速效氮以野草和黑麦草覆盖模式下积累最多,上层和下层分别增加了14.64%和55.92%;速效磷的积累量以油豆轮作和黑麦草覆盖模式下增加最多,上层和下层分别增加了68.84%和89.01%;速效钾的积累量以黑麦草和油豆轮作积累量最多,上层和下层分别增加了94.33%和50.25%。综上所述,低垄覆膜结合牛繁缕覆盖模式对提高土壤养分含量有重要的促进作用。In order to study the effects of different grass mulching on soil main nutrient contents of apple orchard in Longdong dry land,the effects of low ridge covering and interrow grass covering on soil nutrient contents of‘Yanfu 3’apple were studied.The results showed that grass mulching increased the main nutrients in 0-40 cm soil of apple orchard,and the accumulation of soil organic matter was the highest in the Bos taurus mulching mode.The contents of main nutrients in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers were measured.The results showed that the mulching pattern of bramble increased by 49.15%and 11.65%,respectively.The effect of grass on soil total nitrogen accumulation was basically the same as that of organic matter,and the accumulation was the most in the mulching mode,which increased by 37.5%and 14.28%in the upper and lower layers,respectively.The accumulation of available N in grass and Lolium perenne mulching mode increased by 14.64%and 55.92%in upper and lower layers,respectively.The accumulation of available P in oilbean rotation and Bos taurus mulching increased by 68.84%and 89.01%in upper and lower layers,respectively.The accumulation of available K in Bos taurus and Pentaclethra macrophylla rotation increased by 94.33%and 50.25%,respectively.In conclusion,low ridge mulching and Bos taurus mulching in orchard plays a very important role in promoting soil nutrient accumulation.

关 键 词：苹果 旱地 生草覆盖 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]