地膜残留对土壤养分和酶活性的影响  

Effects of Plastic Film Residue on Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activities

作　　者：黄艳[1] 符瑞蕾 张志乾 李良钊 徐文[1] 刘毓海 Huang Yan;Fu Ruilei;Zhang Zhiqian;Li Liangzhao;Xuwen;Liu Yuhai(College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Hanshan Normal University,Chaozhou 521041,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生态与环境学院,海南海口570228 [2]韩山师范学院化学与环境工程学院,广东潮州521041

出　　处：《海南大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期151-157,共7页Natural Science Journal of Hainan University

基　　金：海南大学科研启动基金(KYQD20033)。

摘　　要：为了对比可降解地膜和聚乙烯地膜残留对土壤的影响,本研究采用盆栽实验研究了地膜类型(可降解地膜PBAT+PLA、聚乙烯地膜PE)及其残留量(0、15、30、75、100、120 kg·hm^(-2))对土壤有效养分和酶活性的影响.结果表明:两种地膜残留均显著降低土壤的pH、碱解氮、有效磷以及速效钾的含量,但对有机质无显著影响,其中,可降解残膜则可使土壤pH降低3.36%,碱解氮降低25.67%,有效磷降低54.74%,速效钾降低72.38%;聚乙烯残膜则可使土壤pH、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别降低4.76%、21.50%、42.04%、51.30%;此外,可降解残膜还可显著抑制脲酶及蔗糖酶的活性,并且使脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性分别降低60.12%、84.80%,但其对碱性磷酸酶活性却表现为刺激作用;聚乙烯残膜对脲酶同样也起抑制作用,但对蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性则无显著影响;另外,聚乙烯残膜处理的土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量以及脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均高于可降解残膜处理的相关项.以上结果表明,可降解残膜对土壤养分和酶活性的负效应要大于聚乙烯残膜对土壤养分和酶活性的负效应.In order to compare the effects of biodegradable mulching film residues and polyethylene mulching film residues on soil,in the study,the pot experiment was performed to analyze the effects of mulching film types(biodegradable mulching film PBAT+PLA,polyethylene mulching film PE)and residues(0,15,30,75,100,120 kg·hm^(-1))on soil available nutrients and enzyme activities. The results indicated that the two kind mulching film residue significantly reduce the contents of soil pH,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium,but had no significant effects on organic matter,the biodegradable film residue decrease soil pH by 3. 36%,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen by 25. 67%,available phosphorus by 54. 74%,and available potassium by 72. 38%;the polyethylene mulching film residue decrease the pH,alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P,and available K by 4. 76%,21. 50%,42. 04%,and 51. 30%,respectively,the biodegradable film residue decrease the activities of urease and by 60. 12% and 84. 80%,respectively,and stimulate the alkaline phosphatase activity;the polyethylene mulching film residue inhibit the activities of urease significantly,and stimulate the activities of sucrase,however,has no significant effects on the activities of alkaline phosphatase. Additionally,the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and the activities of urease and invertase in soil treated with polyethylene residual film were higher than that in soil treated with degradable residual film. Our findins suggested that the negative effects of biodegradable film on soil nutrients and enzyme activities were greater than that of polyethylene film.

关 键 词：可降解残膜 聚乙烯残膜 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S316[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]