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作 者:林春英 王启花 李红梅[2] 郭强 侯永慧 周万福 张莉燕 LIN Chunying;WANG Qihua;LI Hongmei;GUO Qiang;HOU Yonghui;ZHOU Wanfu;ZHANG Liyan(Qinghai Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center,Xining 810001,China;Qinghai Climate Center,Xining 810001,China;Xining Meteorological Bureau of Qinghai Province,Xining 810003,China)
机构地区:[1]青海省气象灾害防御技术中心,青海西宁810001 [2]青海省气候中心,青海西宁810001 [3]青海省西宁市气象局,青海西宁810003
出 处:《干旱气象》2022年第3期436-443,共8页Journal of Arid Meteorology
基 金:青海省科技厅项目(2021-ZJ-745);中国气象局西北区域人影建设研究试验项目(RYSY201903);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK010406);国家自然基金(31872999,42165008,41565008)共同资助。
摘 要:利用1961—2020年青海省东部农业区11个地面观测站降雹资料,应用统计学方法,分析降雹日数时空分布及降雹直径、持续时间和致灾危险性特征。结果表明:(1)近60 a青海省东部农业区降雹日数以11.6 d·(10 a)^(-1)趋势(通过α=0.05的显著性检验)下降,且1995年后降雹总日数距平由正转负,化隆降雹日数最多,尖扎最少;(2)降雹主要发生在4—10月,具有季节性差异,其日变化明显,峰值出现在午后16:00(北京时)^(-1)(3)降雹日数与海拔高度呈正相关,相关系数高达0.97;(4)近60 a降雹直径小于6 mm和降雹持续时间小于9 min的过程较多,分别占总观测次数的58.33%和73.55%;(5)循化是降雹轻危险区,化隆、湟中、湟源是降雹中危险区,乐都为降雹高、特高危险区。Based on the hail data from eleven ground meteorological observation stations in the eastern agricultural region of Qinghai Province from 1961 to 2020, the temporal and spatial distribution of hail days, hail diameter, duration and disaster risk characteristics were analyzed by using statistical methods. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The hail days in the agricultural area of eastern Qinghai Province decreased with climate tendency rate of 11.6 d·(10 a)^(-1)in the past 60 years, which passed the significance test of α=0.05, and after 1995, the anomaly of the total number of hail days changed from the positive to the negative. Hualong was the area with the largest number of hail days, and the number of hail days in Jianzha was the least.(2) Hail occurred mainly from May to September each year with seasonal differences. The diurnal variation of hail was obvious, and the peak occurred at 16:00 BST in the afternoon.(3) The number of hail days was positively correlated with altitude of stations and the correlation coefficient between them was as high as 0.97.(4) In the past 60 years, the hail processes with hail diameter less than 6 mm and the duration less than 9 min accounted for 58.33% and 73.55% of the total number of hail processes, respectively.(5) Xunhua was a low-risk area for hail, Hualong, Huangzhong and Huangyuan were medium-risk areas for hail, and Ledu was a high-risk or extremely high-risk area for hail, which was basically consistent with historical hail disasters.
分 类 号:P458.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]
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