抗凝血药物不良反应及其护理要点分析  

Analysis of Adverse Reactions of Anticoagulant Drugs and Nursing Points

作　　者：葛玉[1] 刘东苗[1] GE Yu;LIU Dongmiao(Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery,Henan Provincial People’s Hospital,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省人民医院手足显微外科,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《中国药物滥用防治杂志》2022年第5期665-668,共4页Chinese Journal of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment

摘　　要：目的:探讨抗凝血药物(依诺肝素钠注射液和低分子量肝素钙注射液)的不良反应情况及护理要点。方法:选取该院2019年1月—2021年1月150例依诺肝素钠注射液抗凝血治疗和120例低分子量肝素钙注射液抗凝血治疗的患者的基线资料,分析依诺肝素钠注射液和低分子量肝素钙注射液不良反应发生情况。结果:依诺肝素钠注射液不良反应表现为血肿、注射部位之外的瘀斑、伤口血肿、血尿、鼻出血、胃肠道出血、血小板减少症、血小板增多症、皮肤血管炎、皮肤坏死、炎性结节、紫癜或红斑。低分子量肝素钙注射液不良反应表现为高钾血症、脊髓/硬膜外血肿、神经损伤、血小板减少症、肾脏损害、紫癜或红斑、皮肤坏死、紫癜、浸润或疼痛性红斑、血管神经性水肿。结论:依诺肝素钠注射液、低分子量肝素钙注射液不良反应发生率相对较高,需要对抗凝血药物进行相应的护理管理,从而保证用药的安全性。Objective: To investigate the anticoagulant drugs(enoxaparin sodium injection and low molecular weight heparin calcium injection) adverse reactions and nursing points. Methods: The baseline data of 150 patients treated with enoxaparin sodium injection and 120 patients treated with low molecular weight heparin calcium injection in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected to analyze the adverse reactions of enoxaparin sodium injection and low molecular weight heparin calcium injection. Results: Adverse reactions of enoxaparin sodium injection were manifested as hematoma, ecchymosis outside the injection site, wound hematoma, hematuria, nose bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding,thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, skin vasculitis, skin necrosis, and inflammation Nodules, purpura or erythema. Adverse reactions of low molecular weight heparin calcium injection include hyperkalemia, spinal cord/epidural hematoma, nerve damage, thrombocytopenia, kidney damage, purpura or erythema, skin necrosis, purpura, infiltrating or painful erythema,angioneurotic Edema. Conclusion: Enoxaparin sodium injection and low molecular weight heparin calcium injection have a relatively high incidence of adverse reactions, and corresponding care and management of anticoagulant drugs are required to ensure the safety of medication.

关 键 词：依诺肝素钠注射液 低分子量肝素钙注射液 不良反应 护理要点 

分 类 号：R473[医药卫生—护理学]