运动调节miRNA改善2型糖尿病的机制研究进展  

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Exercise Regulating miRNA to Improve Type 2 Diabetes

作　　者：刘祖辉[1] 钟远鸣 傅钰[2] 王倩 LIU Zu-hui;ZHONG Yuan-ming;FU Yu;WANG Qian(School of Physical Education and Sport Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;College of Life Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福建福州350117 [2]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《体育科学研究》2022年第3期55-61,共7页Sports Science Research

基　　金：福建省社科基金项目(FJ2019B050)。

摘　　要：2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes,T2D)是一种以胰岛素抵抗(Insulin resistance,IR)和胰岛β细胞功能缺陷为特征的慢性代谢疾病。T2D的主要诱发因素十分复杂,包括营养过剩引起的肥胖、家族史遗传和久坐不动的生活方式。已有临床证据表明,T2D的发生与治疗不当会导致严重的并发症,例如心脏病、中风、肾衰竭、失明和神经损伤。运动通过促进机体葡萄糖代谢、降低胆固醇水平和改善胰岛素敏感性,有利于T2D的治疗,但其相关分子机制仍不明确。MicroRNA(miRNA)是一种非编码RNA,能够调控细胞发育、调节组织代谢并参与机体炎症反应。运动可以通过调节肌肉组织或体液中的miRNA调控相关靶基因的表达,进而参与机体的能量代谢过程,最终改善T2D的病症发生与发展。近年来,已有大量文章揭示运动通过调节机体内环境miRNA水平进而调控相应信号通路和基因表达,可预防或缓解T2D病症。结论:运动可以导致体内的miRNA水平发生显著变化,从而在控制IR、脂毒性、氧化应激和炎症发生等方面控制T2D的发生与发展。Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance(IR)and the dysfunction of pancreaticβcell.The main risk factors of T2D are complex,including obesity caused by over nutrition,family history and sedentary lifestyle.Clinical evidence has shown that the occurrence and treatment of T2D can lead to serious complications,such as heart disease,stroke,renal failure,blindness and nerve injury.Exercise is beneficial to the treatment of T2D by promoting glucose metabolism,reducing cholesterol level and improving insulin sensitivity,but its molecular mechanisms are still unclear.MicroRNA(miRNA)is a non-coding RNA,which can regulate cell development,regulate tissue metabolism and involve in inflammatory response.Exercise can regulate the expression of related target genes by regulating miRNA in muscle tissue or body fluid,and then participate in the process of energy metabolism,ultimately improve the occurrence and development of T2D.Recently,accumulating studies have revealed that exercise can prevent or alleviate T2D by regulating the miRNA level in the body and then regulating the corresponding signaling pathways and gene expression.Conclusion:exercise can significantly change the level of miRNA in vivo,thus delay the occurrence and development of T2D in IR,lipid toxicity,oxidative stress and inflammation.

关 键 词：2型糖尿病 运动 MIRNA 胰岛素抵抗 脂毒性 氧化应激 炎症反应 

分 类 号：G804.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]