海洋地质灾害原位监测技术研究进展  

Research progress on the in-situ monitoring technologies of marine geohazards

作　　者：贾永刚[1,2] 陈天 李培英 李正辉[1] 胡聪 刘晓磊 单红仙[1,2] JIA Yonggang;CHEN Tian;LI Peiying;LI Zhenghui;HU Cong;LIU Xiaolei;SHAN Hongxian(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering(Ocean University of China),Qingdao,Shandong 266100,China;Laboratory for Marine Geology,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266061,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao,Shandong 266061,China;First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao,Shandong 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋环境地质工程重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266100 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东青岛266061 [3]自然资源部海岸带科学与综合管理重点实验室,山东青岛266061 [4]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2022年第3期1-14,共14页The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41877223);自然资源部海岸带科学与综合管理重点实验室开放基金(2021COSIMQ007);国家自然科学基金山东省联合基金项目(U190620170);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(202161039)。

摘　　要：海洋地质灾害对沿海城市人口和海洋经济发展构成重大威胁。海岸港口航道、海底管线光缆、海洋平台基础等工程建设规模的扩大,意味着海洋地质灾害风险进一步提高。海底火山爆发、海啸等大规模但不常见的灾害事件吸引了大多数公众关注和媒体报道,并促使政策调整以防范化解灾害风险。然而,海底气体喷溢、海底滑坡等小规模但更频繁的原生灾害事件,会产生严重的局部影响,并且极易转变为灾害链导致灾害事件恶化,但社会公众在很大程度上没有足够重视此类灾害风险。迄今为止,大多数海洋地质灾害的特征都可以被探测识别,但依靠现有的技术却很难有效监测。海洋地质灾害的原位监测需要更加严苛的技术能力,特别是突发性海洋地质灾害的原位监测难度较大。综述首先介绍了海洋地质灾害原位监测的意义以及技术发展的挑战,然后对海洋地质灾害的监测要素进行总结探讨,重点阐述海洋地质灾害监测技术装备的应用情况,并对海洋地质灾害的风险评估和灾害预警进行分析探讨,最后对海洋地质灾害原位监测技术及其应用作了总结和展望。综述旨在分析总结海洋地质灾害类型的监测技术装备及其应用中涉及的一些核心技术和急需解决的关键问题,以期为该项技术发展和应用提供借鉴。Marine geohazards pose a major threat to the population and marine economic development of coastal cities.The expansion of construction of coastal port channels,submarine pipelines,optical cables,and marine platform foundations means that the risk of marine geohazards has further increased.Large-scale but uncommon disaster events such as submarine volcanic eruptions and tsunamis have attracted most of the public attention and media coverage and prompted policy adjustments to prevent and resolve disaster risks.However,small-scale but more frequent primary hazard events such as submarine gas leakages and submarine landslides,which can have severe localized impacts and are highly susceptible to transformation into hazard chains leading to worsening hazard events,are largely underappreciated by the public.To date,most features of marine geohazards can be detected and identified,but it is difficult to monitor effectively with existing technologies.In-situ monitoring of marine geohazards requires more demanding technical capabilities,especially in-situ monitoring of sudden-onset marine geohazards.The review first introduces the significance of in-situ monitoring of marine geohazards and the challenges of technology development,then summarizes and discusses the monitoring elements of marine geohazards,focuses on the application of marine geohazards monitoring technology and equipment,and analyzes and discusses the risk assessment and early warning of marine geohazards.Finally,summarizes outlooks on the marine geohazards in-situ monitoring technology and its application.The review aims to analyze and summarize some core technologies and key issues that need to be solved urgently in the monitoring technology and equipment of marine geohazards and their applications,in order to provide reference for the development and application of this technology.

关 键 词：海洋地质灾害 原位长期监测 监测要素 监测装备 风险评估 海洋工程地质 研究进展 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质]