杂交中稻品种产量及其氮素利用效率的比较研究  

Comparative Study on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Medium Hybrid Rice Varieties

作　　者：徐富贤[1] 蒋鹏[1] 孙永健[2] 张巫军[3] 曹厚明 张林[1] 冯泊润 杨从党[6] 李敏[7] 曾正明[1] 郭晓艺[1] XU Fuxian;JIANG Peng;SUN Yongjian;ZHANG Wujun;CAO Houming;ZHANG Lin;FENG Borun;YANG Congdang;LI Min;ZENG Zhengming;GUO Xiaoyi(Rice and Sorghum Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture,Deyang 618000,Sichuan,China;Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China;Neyiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Neijiang 641000,Sichuan,China;Sichuan Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Chengdu 610041,China;Food Crop Research Institute ofYunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650200,China;Rice Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所/农业农村部西南水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,四川德阳618000 [2]四川农业大学水稻研究所,成都611130 [3]重庆市农业科学院,重庆401329 [4]四川省内江市农业科学院,四川内江641000 [5]四川省农业技术推广总站,成都610041 [6]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,昆明650200 [7]贵州省农业科学院水稻研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2022年第3期331-337,共7页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省育种攻关(2021YFYZ0005);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01-26)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了提高水稻生产氮肥利用效率,避免过多施用氮肥对环境污染,并为水稻大面积生产选择氮高效率品种提供科学依据。【方法】以利用水稻齐穗期和成熟期叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)衰减指数作为鉴评方法,筛选出的氮高效率品种进入区试而审定的20个杂交中稻品种及对照品种宜香2115(迟熟品种)和辐优838(中熟品种)为材料,比较了品种间叶片的叶绿素含量(SPAD值)及其衰减指数、产量、地上干物重、收获指数与氮素利用效率等研究指标。【结果】中迟熟品种13个、中熟品种7个,与区试对照品种相比,叶绿素含量(SPAD值)衰减指数、产量、氮肥偏生产力、氮素干物重生产效率和氮素稻谷生产效率,分别显著提高14.22%-54.32%、2.58%-8.35%、2.59%-8.51%、3.80%-19.02%和5.62%-25.73%,其中氮肥偏生产力、氮素干物重生产效率、氮素稻谷生产效率分别与SPAD值衰减指数呈极显著正相关(0.828**-0.941**)。进一步证明在水稻齐穗期和成熟期利用水稻叶片SPAD值衰减指数鉴评氮素利用率是完全可行的。20个审定品种中产量和氮素利用率较高的迟熟品种有内6优103、内6优1787,中熟品种为德优润禾、渝糯653、内香优1025,可作为大面积重点推广氮高效率品种。【结论】可将收获指数作为氮高效利用品种的初步筛选方法。【Objective】This paper aims to improve the nitrogen use efficiency in rice production,avoid environmental pollution caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and provide a scientific basis for selecting nitrogen efficient varieties in large-scale rice production. 【Method】Using the attenuation index of chlorophyll content(SPAD value) from full heading stage and maturity stage as the evaluation method,this research used 20 hybrid medium rice varieties and control varieties Yixiang 2115(late maturing variety) and Fuyou 838(medium maturing variety) selected by nitrogen efficient varieties participating in the regional test as materials to compare the SPAD value and its attenuation index,yield,aboveground dry matter weight harvest index and nitrogen use efficiency.【Result】The results showed that the SPAD value attenuation index,yield,nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen dry matter weight production efficiency and nitrogen rice production efficiency were significantly increased by 14.22%-54.32%,2.58%-8.35%,2.59%-8.51%,3.80%-19.02% and 5.62%-25.73%,respectively,while nitrogen dry matter production efficiency and nitrogen rice production efficiency were significantly and positively correlated with SPAD value attenuation index(0.828**-0.941**). It is further proved that it is completely feasible to use SPAD value attenuation index to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency from full heading stage and maturity stage. Among the 20 approved varieties,Nei 6You 103 and Nei 6You 1787 are late maturing varieties with high yield and nitrogen utilization rate,and DeyouRunhe,Yunuo 653 and Neixiangyou 1025are medium maturing varieties,which can be widely popularized.【Conclusion】The harvest index can be used as a preliminary screening method for nitrogen efficient utilization varieties.

关 键 词：杂交中稻 SPAD值衰减指数 产量 收获指数 氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S31[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]