化肥有机肥配施对稻麦轮作系统作物产量和土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on crop yield and soil fertility in rice-wheat rotation system

作　　者：张翰林[1] 郭惠宝 杨业凤[3] 施俭 陆利民[3] 吕卫光[1] ZHANG Hanlin;GUO Huibao;YANG Yefeng;SHI Jian;LU Limin;LV Weiguang(Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Guangming Changjiang Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 202178,China;Pudong New District Agro-Technology Extension Center,Shanghai 201403,China;Agro-Technology Extension Center of Chongming District,Shanghai 202150,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403 [2]上海光明长江现代农业有限公司,上海202178 [3]上海市浦东新区农业技术推广中心,上海201201 [4]上海市崇明区农业技术推广中心,上海202150

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2022年第3期48-53,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市农委科技兴农推广项目[沪农科推字(2018)第4-14号];上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划[农科创2017(A-03)]。

摘　　要：采用大田小区试验,考察有机无机肥配施对稻麦产量结构、土壤养分及酶活性的影响。结果表明,OT20%处理稻、麦产量比RT处理高3.3%和4.3%,但各施肥处理之间无显著差异;各施肥处理间稻季氮素偏生产力无显著差异,全年氮素农学利用率差异显著,依次为OT20%>RT>OT40%>OT60%;OT60%处理速效钾含量在麦季与RT处理无显著差异,有机无机肥配施处理水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量、蔗糖酶活性均显著高于RT处理,OT20%处理稻季脲酶和全年过氧化氢酶的活性显著高于RT处理。综上,在上海稻麦轮作地区,采用有机肥替代20%化肥,可以在稳产的基础上,提高氮素利用率,同时增强土壤养分供应能力。The effects of combined application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on crop yield and soil fertility in rice-wheat rotation system were studied based on a field plot experiment.The results showed that the yields of rice and wheat under OT20%treatment were higher by 3.3%and 4.3%compared with RT,but no significant difference among 4 fertilization treatments.There was no significant difference of nitrogen partial factor productivity among different fertilization treatments in rice season,but the nitrogen agronomic efficiency in rice and wheat season were significantly different,and the sequences were both OT20%>RT>OT40%>OT60%.The contents of available N,available P,available K and the sucrase activity of three combined application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than those of RT in the whole year,and there was no significant difference of available K content between OT60%and RT treatment in wheat season;The activities of urease in rice season and catalase in the whole year under OT20%treatment was significantly higher than RT.In conclusion,on the basis of stable yield,20%chemical fertilizer substituted by organic fertilizer can improve nitrogen use efficiency and enhance soil nutrient supply capacity of rice-wheat rotation systems in Shanghai area.

关 键 词：有机肥 化肥 稻麦轮作 产量 氮素利用率 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S511S158.3