新疆滴灌棉田35年耕地土壤肥力演变趋势分析——以芳草湖农场为例  

Analysis on the Evolution Trend of Cultivated Land Soil Fertility in Drip Irrigation Cotton Field in Xinjiang in 35 Years——Taking Fangcaohu Farm as an Example

作　　者：马旭[1] 高翔 梁飞[3] MA Xu;GAO Xiang;LIANG Fei(Agricultural Technique Extension Station of Division 6 in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Wujiaqu,Xinjiang 831300,China;Shihezi Engineering Technical College,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil-Fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Science,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业技术推广站,新疆五家渠831300 [2]石河子工程职业技术学院,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《肥料与健康》2022年第3期7-10,31,共5页Fertilizer & Health

基　　金：兵团中青年领军人才计划(2018CB026);兵团南疆重点产业重新发展支撑计划(2021DB015)。

摘　　要：随着北疆棉区棉花连作面积的逐年增大和连作时间的不断延长,棉田土壤质量问题日益突出,严重制约了棉花产量和品质的持续提高。以芳草湖农场为例,利用1985年、1996年、2006年和2020年对芳草湖农场土壤养分的调查数据,分析了农场35年耕地土壤肥力变化的趋势。结果表明:从1985年到2020年,滴灌棉田耕地土壤肥力整体呈上升趋势,有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾的质量分数分别增加了51%、82%、262%、182%;耕地土壤有机质和全氮含量仍处于低肥力状态,有效磷含量在2020年达到高肥力状态,速效钾含量1996—2020年均处于极高肥力状态。建议北疆棉区结合土壤肥力状况和水肥一体化技术,继续实施秸秆还田、控制磷钾肥用量、改变施肥位点和合理补充中微量元素的科学施肥措施。With the increase of cotton continuous cropping area and the extension of continuous cropping time in Northern Xinjiang, the soil quality problem of cotton field is becoming increasingly prominent, which seriously restricts the continuous improvement of cotton yield and quality. Taking Fangcaohu farm as an example, using the survey data of soil nutrients in 1985, 1996, 2006 and 2020, the change trend of cultivated land soil fertility in the farm in 35 years is analyzed. The results show that from 1985 to 2020, the overall soil fertility of drip irrigation cotton field show an upward trend, and the mass fractions of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 51%, 82%, 262% and 182% respectively. The content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in cultivated land is still in a low fertility state, the content of available phosphorus has reached a high fertility state in 2020, and the content of available potassium has been in a very high fertility state from 1996 to 2020. It is suggested that the cotton region in Northern Xinjiang should continue to implement scientific fertilization measures such as returning straw to the field, controlling the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, changing fertilization sites and reasonably supplementing medium and trace elements in combination with soil fertility and water and fertilizer integration technology.

关 键 词：土壤肥力 棉田 有机质 中微量元素 养分 演变趋势 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]