国内外后备奶牛生长、繁育及健康状况的对比研究  

The Growth,Breeding and Health on Dairy Replacements:A Global Overview

作　　者：徐一洺 张红星 伊力亚尔·努尔麦麦提 刘帅 曹志军[1] XU Yi-ming;ZHANG Hong-xing;Yiliyaer·Nuermaimaiti;LIU Shuai;CAO Zhi-jun(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院/动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2022年第6期62-69,共8页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：中国农业大学2115人才工程(00109017)。

摘　　要：后备奶牛的生长和健康水平对其成年后的生产性能有重要影响,关乎着牧场的未来发展。本文对比了我国与其他国家后备奶牛的生长、繁育以及疾病管理的异同,分析表明我国后备奶牛整体生长及健康状况良好:犊牛的初生重适中,平均为37.8kg;哺乳犊牛平均日增重较高,位居主要奶业国家前列;哺乳犊牛发病率为25.4%,总淘汰率为10.8%,同样低于美国、英国等国家;而我国后备奶牛初配时间平均为13.8月龄,初产时间为23.5月龄,早于美国、德国、荷兰、伊朗等国家。上述研究说明,目前我国规模化牧场后备奶牛饲养管理水平较高,总体达到奶业发达国家水平。Dairy replacements growth and health have an important impact on future production performance and will affect sustainable development of farms.This study compared the similarities and differences of growth,breeding and disease management on dairy replacements between China and other countries.The results show that the dairy replacements in China large-scale farms exhibit high growth and health performance.The average birth weight of calves is 37.8 kg,which is higher than that in most of dairy countries;the morbidity is 25.4%,and the culling rate is 10.8%,which is also lower than that of America and England.The average age at first insemination in China is 13.8 months,and age at first calving is 23.5 months,which are both earlier than that of America,Germany,Netherlands,Iran and so on.In conclusion,large-scale pastures in China have achieved great progress in the management of dairy replacements,which have generally reached the level of dairy developed countries.

关 键 词：后备奶牛 生长 繁育 疾病 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]