我国与世界优秀女子运动员3000 m速滑速度节奏比较研究  

A Comparative Study on Speed Rhythm of 3000 m Speed Skating between Chinese and World Top Women Athletes

作　　者：梁艳 林永涛[1] LIANG Yan;LIN Yongtao(PE Department,Hubei Polytechnic University,Huangshi Hubei 435003)

机构地区：[1]湖北理工学院体育课部,湖北黄石435003

出　　处：《湖北理工学院学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第4期73-81,共9页Journal of Hubei Polytechnic University(Humanities And Social Sciences)

基　　金：湖北省高等学校省改教学研究项目“普通高校体育俱乐部产学研教学模式研究”,项目编号:2018448;湖北理工学院科研项目“青少年体育俱乐部‘学区融合’网络平台构建研究”,项目编号:21xjr07Q;湖北理工学院重点项目“黄石市校企联动全民健身产业路径研究”,项目编号:21xjr07A。

摘　　要：文章运用文献资料、访谈、数量统计等方法,分析2018—2019赛季哈尔滨、长野、阿斯塔纳站前8名世界优秀运动员和我国运动员各站比赛的速度节奏,探索女子3000 m速度滑冰速度节奏特征、主要制胜因素和国内外运动员的差异。结果表明:1)世界优秀运动员600~3000 m 6个分段成绩与总成绩呈正相关,且呈现出相关性逐渐升高的趋势,而我国优秀运动员滑跑全程群体性特征不显。2)世界优秀运动员与我国运动员0~200 m分段速度存在显著性差异,其它7个分段速度存在非常显著性差异,世界优秀运动员各分段成绩和总成绩具有明显优势。3)我国运动员与世界优秀运动员600~1000 m、1400~1800 m、2600~3000 m降速差存在显著性差异,1000~1400 m、1800~2200 m段存在非常显著性差异,世界优秀运动员全程的降速平缓,基本保持平稳曲线,我国运动员全程各分段降速差曲线起伏明显。结论是:1)女子3000 m速度滑冰主要采用“J”形抛物线型速度节奏,以快启节奏获得最大速度,以最大乳酸稳态强度进行持续运动并逐步均匀降速;运动员的制胜因素与启动加速相关性不大,关键在于对600~3000 m段速度的保持。2)世界优秀运动员启动加速能力强,降速节奏控制也更加均匀和平稳,我国运动员启动阶段能量分配较多,介于自身能力限制在600~3000 m阶段速度保持能力明显下降,体能分配不均,降速处于波动状态。Using the methods of literature,interviews and quantitative statistics,this paper analyzes the speed rhythm of 8 top athletes in the world and Chinese athletes in Harbin,Nagano and Astana in the 2018—2019 seasons to explore the characteristics of speed rhythm and main winning factors of women's 3000 meter speed skating,and the differences between athletes at home and abroad.Results:1)There is a positive correlation between the 6 phase performance and the total score in the 600~3000 m of the world's top athletes,and the correlation shows a trend of increasing gradually,while the group characteristics of the Chinese top athletes in the whole process of skating are not obvious.2)There is significant speed difference between the world's top athletes and Chinese athletes in the 0~200 m phase,and there are very significant speed differences in the other 7 phases.The world top athletes have clear advantages in each phase and the total score.3)Chinese athletes and world's top athletes slow down differently in 600~1000 m,1400~1800 m,2600~3000 m.There are significant differences between 1000~1400 m and 1800~2200 m phases.The world top athletes slow down evenly and the slow down curve is basically stable.Chinese athletes'speed difference curve of each phase in the whole process fluctuates obviously.Conclusion:1)Women's 3000 meter speed skating mainly adopts the"J"-shaped parabolic speed rhythm,obtains the maximum speed with a fast start tempo,keeps skating continuously with the maximum lactic acid steady-state intensity and slows down gradually and evenly.The athlete’s winning of the game has little correlation with the start acceleration,and the key lies in maintaining the speed in the 600~3000 m phase.2)The world top athletes accelerate faster at the start phase and slow down more evenly and smoothly while Chinese athletes consume much energy in the start-up phase and slow down significantly during the phase of 600~3000 m.The consumption of their physical energy in the whole process is uneven,and the deceleration is f

关 键 词：速度滑冰 速度节奏 启动加速 降速 

分 类 号：G862.1[文化科学—体育训练]