当代武术“头人”的生产机制与运行逻辑——一个民间武术门派掌门人现象的考察  

Production Mechanism and Operational Logic of Contemporary Wushu“Headman”——An Investigation of the Leader Phenomenon of A Folk Wushu School

作　　者：侯胜川 HOU Shengchuan(School of Physical Education,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450044,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学体育学院,郑州450044

出　　处：《河北体育学院学报》2022年第4期90-96,共7页Journal of Hebei Sport University

基　　金：河南省社会科学规划一般项目(2021BTY019);河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(212102310928);河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目(2021-ZZJH-392)。

摘　　要：作为民间“头人”制度的一种反映,武术社会中常用掌门人一词来表述武术门派中的现实权威,并且基本确立了血缘传承、弟子传承和权力技术综合考量三种传承路径。通过口述史法、现场观察法、文献资料法对一个民间武术门派的掌门人选举、权威构建、日常运作的考察发现,掌门人在传统日趋式微的今天,具有凝聚集体意识的现实意义;人们通过现代选举制度、科层权威和传统权威来再造掌门人的现实权威;当代民间武术门派的发展必须经由机械团结向有机团结的转变。同时指出,现代社会中的法理型掌门人在应对传统权威中的“种姓”制度时不得不做出“禅让”的妥协以维护自己的权威。As a reflection of the folk headman system,the word“leader”is often used to express the real authority of Wushu schools in Wushu society,and three inheritance paths of blood inheritance,disciple inheritance and comprehensive consideration of power technology are basically established.Through oral history method,field observation method and literature method,the leader election,authority construction and daily operation of a folk Wushu school are analyzed.It is found that because of today’s gradually declining tradition the leaders have the practical significance of condensing collective consciousness;people reconstruct the real authority of leaders through modern election system,rational-legal authority and traditional authority;the development of contemporary folk Wushu schools must change from mechanical unity to organic unity.At the same time,it is pointed out that the legal leaders in modern society have to make anabdicating compromise to maintain their own authority when dealing with the caste system in the traditional authority.

关 键 词：权威 民间武术 掌门人 门派 禅让 机械团结 有机团结 

分 类 号：G852[文化科学—民族体育]