基于公民科学方式的上海南汇东滩湿地鸟类多样性研究  

A Baseline Inventory on Bird Diversity of Nanhui Dongtan Wetland in Shanghai using Citizen Scientists

作　　者：徐茹晖 张卫平 张东升 XU Ru-hui;ZHANG Wei-ping;ZHANG Dong-sheng(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Environmental DNA technology and water ecological health assessment engineering center,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,环境DNA技术与水生态健康评估工程中心,上海201306

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2022年第3期16-20,共5页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：一个长江野生动植物保护小额基金(OPV388);北京市企业家环保基金会创绿家项目支持。

摘　　要：南汇东滩湿地是长江口区域鸟类重要栖息地,鸟类多样性官方数据已有近10 a没有更新。为厘清南汇东滩湿地鸟类的资源现状,设计8条线路调查鸟类多样性,涵盖了该地区所有典型的栖息地类型。2020年9月—2021年8月,218名公民科学家参与调查,记录到野生鸟类18目55科237种,包括水鸟7目15科99种。按居留类型分,迁徙鸟类205种(占86.50%),其中旅鸟115种(占48.52%),冬候鸟72种(占30.38%),夏候鸟18种(占7.60%),留鸟28种(占11.82%),迷鸟4种(占1.68%)。从统计到的鸟类数量上看,迁徙鸟类占总数的81.88%。调查5种生境的鸟类多样性,芦苇地鸟类Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数最高,分别为0.78和5.48;芦苇地和基本农田鸟类Pielou均匀度指数最高,均为0.75。南汇东滩湿地对于迁徙鸟类的保育非常重要,该项目提高了公民科学家对湿地和野生动物保护的意识。Nanhui Dongtan wetland was an important habitat for birds in the Yangtze River estuary,the bird diversity data have not been updated for about ten years.This study was aimed to provide baseline information of bird diversity for this region.We designed eight inventory lines to investigate bird diversity,which covered all typical habitat types of this region.The study was conducted during the period from September 2020 to August 2021,which involved 218 citizen scientists.A total of 237 species of birds were recorded,belonging to 18 orders and 55 families,including 99 waterfowl species.In terms of residence types,205 species(86.50%of the total)were classified as migratory birds,of which 115 species(48.52%)were passengers,72 species(30.38%)were winter migrants,18 species(7.60%)were summer breeders.28 species(11.82%)were residents,and 4 species(1.68%)were vagrant.The total bird count of this study was 51770,and the migratory birds accounted for 81.88%of the total number.Among the five habitats,the reedbed had the highest Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index,which were 0.78 and 5.48 respectively,in terms of the Pielou evenness index,the reedbed and the farmland showed the largest value of 0.75.Our study showed that Dongtan wetland in Nanhui was very important for migratory bird conservation.meanwhile,this project raised volunteers’awareness of wetland and wildlife protection.

关 键 词：鸟类多样性 公民科学 上海南汇东滩湿地 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]