运力紧张情形下的网约车跨区域订单分配机制  

Cross-regional order allocation strategy for ride-hailing under tight transport capacity

作　　者：夏宇[1] 朱俊武[1] 姜艺[1,2] 高欣 孙茂圣 XIA Yu;ZHU Junwu;JIANG Yi;GAO Xin;SUN Maosheng(College of Information Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225127,China;State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering(Shanghai Jiao Tong University),Shanghai 200240,China;School of Information Engineering,Jiangsu College of Tourism,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225127,China;Office of Informationization Construction and Administration,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225127,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学信息工程学院,江苏扬州225127 [2]海洋工程国家重点实验室(上海交通大学),上海200240 [3]江苏旅游职业学院信息工程学院,江苏扬州225127 [4]扬州大学信息化建设与管理处,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《计算机应用》2022年第6期1776-1781,共6页journal of Computer Applications

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(61872313);海洋工程国家重点实验室开放课题研究基金资助项目(1907);江苏省水利科技项目(2017071);江苏省教育信息化研究重点课题(20180012);扬州市科技计划项目(YZ2019133,YZ2020174)。

摘　　要：在网约车平台中,匹配是一个核心功能,平台需要尽可能增加匹配订单的数量;但网约车的需求分布通常极度不均匀,订单的起点或终点在某些时间段会呈现出高度集中的特征。因此,提出一种带预警的激励机制鼓励司机跨区域接单,以达到平台跨区域运力再平衡的目的。该机制通过对订单信息进行分析,建立邻近区域运力预警机制,并在区域运力紧张时,激励邻近区域的司机接受跨区域订单,以减少运力紧张时期区域内的未匹配订单数量,提高平台效用和乘客满意度。通过算例将跨区域运力再平衡机制与Greedy(贪心机制)、Surge(暴涨定价)机制进行对比,结果表明,再平衡机制较Greedy和Surge机制在平均效用上分别提高了15%和38%,说明跨区域运力再平衡机制可以提高平台收益和司机效用,在一定程度上重新平衡了区域间供需关系,能为网约车平台在宏观上的供需关系平衡提供参考。In the ride-hailing platform,matching is a core function,and the platform needs to increase the number of matched orders as much as possible.However,the demand distribution of ride-hailing is usually extremely uneven,and the starting points or end points of orders show the characteristic of high concentration in some time periods.Therefore,an incentive mechanism with early warning was proposed to encourage drivers to take orders across regions,thus achieving the purpose of rebalancing the platform cross-regional transport capacity.The order information was analyzed and processed in this strategy,and an early warning mechanism of transport capacity in adjacent regions was established.To reduce the number of unmatched orders in the region during the period of tight transport capacity and improve the platform utility and passenger satisfaction,drivers in adjacent regions were encouraged to accept cross-regional orders when regional transport capacity was tight.Experimental results on instances show that the proposed rebalancing mechanism improves the average utility by 15%and 38%compared with Greedy and Surge mechanisms,indicating that the cross-regional transport capacity rebalancing mechanism can improve the platform revenue and driver utility,rebalance the supply-demand relationship between regions to a certain extent,and provide a reference for the ride-hailing platform to balance the supply-demand relationship macroscopically.

关 键 词：网约车 需求分布 跨区域订单分配 运力预警 运力再平衡 

分 类 号：TP301.6[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]