长江口及邻近海域冬、夏季浮游动物群落结构的季节差异分析  

Seasonal Difference Analysis of Zooplankton Community Structure in Winter and Summer in the Yangtze Estuary and Adjacent Waters

作　　者：吴丽航 王健鑫 许永久 范美华 朱文斌 蒋日进 杨丽萍 姜淇俊 李立华 徐纪晓 王慧君 胡亚丽 WU Li-hang;WANG Jian-xin;XU Yong-jiu(School of Fisheries of Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022;School of Marine Science and Technology of Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022 [2]浙江海洋大学海洋科学与技术学院,浙江舟山316022 [3]浙江海洋大学海洋与渔业研究所,浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第3期183-191,共9页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University：Natural Science

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划(2020C0202004,2021C02047);舟山市长江生态环境保护修复驻点跟踪研究项目(SZGXZS2020068);国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项(2019YFD0901205);浙江省自然科学基金(LY20C030004);国家海洋局海洋生态环境科学与工程重点实验室开放基金项目(MESE-2018-01);舟山市科技局“浙江海洋大学科技专项”(2019C21021);浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划(新苗人才计划)(2021R411007)。

摘　　要：长江口及邻近海域的季节变化特征显著,影响了该海域的海流的强弱,对浮游生物的补充与输运起到了关键的作用。根据2019年3月(冬季)及2020年8月(夏季)对长江口及邻近海域的浮游动物生态调查,研究了不同季节影响下的浮游动物群落结构的差异及其影响因素,利用典范对应分析(CCA)和非参数协方差分析(PERMANOVA)分析季节变化导致的物理海洋环境和栖息地的差异对浮游动物影响。结果表明:2个航次分别鉴定出浮游动物27种和91种,平均丰度夏季>冬季。浮游动物群落结构的季节差异显著,造成显著差异的主要贡献种为冬季占优势的中华哲水蚤和夏季占优势的短尾类溞状幼体,海洋环境特征(海洋锋、上升流)和栖息地及其交互作用对浮游动物群落结构的空间分布、季节变化影响显著,夏季浮游动物分布存在昼夜差异。CCA分析显示海水表层温度是影响季节变化的主要因素(第一轴),解释了浮游动物群落结构总变异的57.2%,海水表层盐度(SSS)和叶绿素a浓度(Chl a)是影响空间分布的主要因素,解释了总变异的14.3%。该结果为进一步分析长江口及邻近海域阐明浮游动物的动态变化机制提供了一定的科学依据。The seasonal variation characteristics of the Yangtze River estuary and adjacent sea areas are significant,which affects the strength of the currents in the sea area,and plays a key role in the supplement and transportation of plankton.According to the ecological survey of zooplankton in the Yangtze River estuary and adjacent waters in March 2019(winter)and August 2020(summer),the differences in the structure of zooplankton communities under the influence of different seasons and their influencing factors were studied,and canonical correspondence analysis was used.(CCA)and non-parametric covariance analysis(PERMANOVA)analyze the impact of seasonal changes in physical marine environment and habitat on zooplankton.The results showed that 27 species and 91 species of zooplankton were identified in the two voyages,with the average abundance in summer>winter.There are significant seasonal differences in zooplankton community structure.The main contributors to the significant differences are the predominant species of Calanus sinicus in winter and Brachyura zoea larva(Brachyura zoea larva)in summer.The characteristics of the marine environment(ocean fronts,upwelling),habitats,and their interaction have significant effects on the spatial distribution and seasonal changes of zooplankton community structure.In summer.The distribution of zooplankton in summer differs from day to night,and the gale in winter has a significant impact on the abundance of zooplankton.CCA analysis shows that the sea surface temperature is the main factor affecting seasonal changes(the first axis),which explains 57.2%of the total variation of the zooplankton community structure.The sea surface salinity(SSS)and the chlorophyll a concentration(Chl a)are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution.Explains 14.3%of the total variation.This result provides a scientific basis for further analysis of the Yangtze River estuary and adjacent waters to clarify the dynamic change mechanism of zooplankton.

关 键 词：长江口邻近海域 浮游动物 季节差异 海洋锋 上升流 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学] Q958.8[生物学—动物学]