《智利地震》和乌合之众的平庸之恶  

The Earthquake in Chile and the Crowd’s Banality of Evil

作　　者：许环光 XU Huanguang(School of English,Zhejiang International Studies University,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江外国语学院英文学院,杭州310023

出　　处：《上海理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期161-166,共6页Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology：Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：德国作家海因利希·冯·克莱斯特的成名作,短篇小说《智利地震》叙述了一个特定社会背景下的人伦惨剧:家庭教师罗尼莫·鲁赫拉和自己的学生何塞法小姐自由恋爱,造成后者未婚先孕,最终,男女主角在一场感恩弥撒中双双被暴民乱棍打死。结合法国社会心理学家古斯塔夫·勒庞的《乌合之众》,德国政治理论家汉娜·阿伦特的“平庸之恶”以及美国作家埃里克·霍弗的《狂热分子》等的相关政治学和社会心理学理论,探求小说悲剧发生的根源,认为《智利地震》的悲剧之所以发生,本质上是一个乌合之众的平庸之恶。Heinrich von Kleist’s The Earthquake in Chile,a short story that wins him his first fame as a writer,depicts vividly the catastrophic ending of a mass movement,wherein all normal human relations collapse.This study focuses upon the whys and wherefores of this tragedy,comparing it with The Crowd:A Study of the Popular Mind written by the French social psychologist Gustave Le Bon,“the Banality of Evil”written by the German thinker Hannah Arendt’s and The True Believer wirtten by the American political philosopher Eric Hoffer.The tragedy of The Earthquake in Chile is essentially a typical case of the crowd’s“Banality of Evil”foregrounded with theocracy as its setting,instigated by an oldest canon,materialized and consolidated by fanatics and men of action during a mass movement that starts with a thanksgiving mass and culminates in ruthless homicide.

关 键 词：海因利希·冯·克莱斯特 《智利地震》 平庸之恶 乌合之众 《狂热分子》 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]