难熔金属聚合物的合成及其转化制备超高温陶瓷  

Recent Advance in Refractory Metal Polymer-Derived Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics

作　　者：高强[1] 韩成[1] 王小宙[1] 王应德[1] GAO Qiang;HAN Cheng;WANG Xiaozhou;WANG Yingde(National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学,长沙410073

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2022年第11期76-86,共11页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51872329);湖南省自然科学基金(2019JJ40336);国防科技大学科研计划(ZK18–03–06)。

摘　　要：聚合物先驱体转化法是制备超高温陶瓷的重要方法之一,它立足于元素有机聚合物的分子结构设计与可控构筑,实现对转化所得陶瓷微观结构与宏观性能的调控。具有单一分子结构与良好线性度的难熔金属聚合物,在转化制备超高温陶瓷尤其是连续超高温陶瓷纤维方面具有显著优势。系统总结了超高温陶瓷性能对难熔金属聚合物组元与分子结构的设计要求,综述了国内外难熔金属聚合物转化制备超高温陶瓷的最新研究进展与趋势,尤其是较为全面地总结了难熔金属聚合物的分子链构筑与调控方法,以期促进超高温陶瓷研发,推动超高温陶瓷在航空航天、核能等领域的应用。Polymer-derived ceramic method is one of the most important methods for preparing ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs).By rationally designing the molecular structure of polymer precursors,it is easy to regulate the microstructure and properties of the final ceramics.Refractory metal polymers with unitary molecular structure and good linearity as a kind of single-source precursor is very promising in preparing UHTCs,especially continuous UHTC fibers.This review firstly summarizes the structure-function relationship within UHTCs,which provides significant guidance for designing the elemental composition and molecular structure of refractory metal polymer as UHTCs precursor.The latest research progress of refractory metal polymer-derived UHTCs is outlined,with special emphasis on precisely regulating the molecular chain of refractory metal polymer.Finally,the development direction of polymer-derived UHTCs is briefly prospected.This review is expected to promote the research and development of polymer-derived UHTCs for application in the fields of aerospace,nuclear energy and other extreme thermal environments.

关 键 词：难熔金属聚合物 超高温陶瓷 分子设计 陶瓷纤维 分子结构 

分 类 号：TQ174.1[化学工程—陶瓷工业]