基于种植密度、氮肥及土壤基质势优化藜麦高产栽培技术  

High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Quinoa Optimized based on Plant Density,Nitrogen Application and Soil Matrix Potential

作　　者：刘淑娇[1] 张东旭 杨文静[1] Liu Shujiao;Zhang Dongxun;Yang Wenjing(Department of Bioengineering,Shuozhou Vocational Technical College,Shuozhou,036002;College of Life Sciences,Shanxi Datong University,Datong,037009)

机构地区：[1]朔州职业技术学院生物工程系,朔州036002 [2]山西大同大学生命科学学院,大同037009

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第10期3457-3464,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：山西省软科学研究计划项目(2018041001-3);山西省重点研发计划农业方面项目(201803D221016-3);山西省应用基础研究项目(201801D221239)共同资助。

摘　　要：本研究旨在开发一种符合藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)生物学特性的新型绿色高产栽培技术。本研究进行了两年的正交田间试验,共考察了土壤基质势(SMP)(-10,-25和-40 kPa)、施氮量(100,160和200 kg/hm^(2))和植物密度(20,30和40株/m^(2))对藜麦生长、种子产量和蛋白质含量的影响。研究显示,-10到-25 kPa的SMP栽培条件下比-40 kPa的种子产量、千粒重和蛋白质含量更高(P<0.05)。施氮量为200 kg/hm^(2)时的千粒重和蛋白质含量高于80和160 kg/hm^(2)(P<0.05)。20株/m^(2)处理的单株种子产量高于30和40株/m^(2)处理(P<0.05)。总之,-10至-25 kPa的SMP、240 kg/hm^(2)的施氮量和30株/m^(2)的种植密度是藜麦栽培的推荐方法。另外,建议将藜麦作为一种轮作作物进行栽培,从而维持土壤氮素的平衡。This research aims to develop a new type of green and high-yield cultivation technology that conforms to the biological characteristics of quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.).This study conducted two-year orthogonal field experiments,and investigated the effects of soil matrix potential(SMP)(-10,-25 and-40 kPa),nitrogen application rate(100,160 and 200 kg/hm^(2))and plant density(20,30 and 40 plants/m^(2))on the growth,seed yield,weight and protein content of quinoa.Studies showed that SMP cultivation conditions of-10 to-25 kPa had higher seed yield,thousand-grain weight and protein content than-40 k Pa(P<0.05).When the nitrogen application rate was200 kg/hm^(2),the thousand-grain weight and protein content were higher than 80 and 160 kg/hm^(2)(P<0.05).The seed yield per plant in the treatment of 20 plants/m^(2)was higher than that of the treatments of 30 and 40 plants/m^(2)(P<0.05).In short,SMP of-10 to-25 k Pa,nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/hm^(2),and planting density of 30 plants/m^(2)are the recommended methods for quinoa cultivation.In addition,it is recommended to cultivate quinoa as a rotation crop to maintain the balance of soil nitrogen.

关 键 词：藜麦 栽培技术 土壤基质势 施氮量 植物密度 

分 类 号：S519[农业科学—作物学]