集成型与智能型测绘卫星工程发展及其关键技术  

Development of integrated and intelligent surveying and mapping satellite project with corresponding key technology

作　　者：杨元喜 任夏[1,2] 王建荣 YANG Yuanxi;REN Xia;WANG Jianrong(State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi an 710054, China;Xi an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Xi an 710054, China)

机构地区：[1]地理信息工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [2]西安测绘研究所,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《测绘学报》2022年第6期854-861,共8页Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41931076);国家自然科学基金青年基金(41904042)。

摘　　要：航天对地观测已经成为全球对地观测的主要手段。本文简单梳理了国际上现有大地测量类对地观测卫星的概况,侧重分析了我国地形测量类对地观测卫星的贡献和存在的问题,未来对地观测卫星的发展趋势,载荷集成型综合测绘卫星发展的可能性及其面临的主要技术瓶颈。总体认为集成型测绘卫星尽管单星观测效率高,但是整体观测效益不高;分析了微小卫星密集组网型对地观测的可能性及其相应的关键技术,包括载荷模块化设计、卫星小型化设计、卫星最佳组网技术、数据传输技术、卫星在轨弹性调配技术和星上数据快速处理技术等;对未来智能卫星对地观测进行了展望,提出了相应的关键技术,包括星上观测智能识别技术、星间智能传输与星地智能传输技术、星上和地面智能数据处理技术等。此外,卫星的智能避障、运载火箭落点的智能跟踪和智能控制也是航天对地观测需要考虑的发展方向。Satellite remote sensing has become the main method of global earth observation.In this paper,the geodetic satellites are briefly summarized at first.The contribution and problems of satellite photogrammetry of China are specially analyzed.The development trend of earth observation satellites is analyzed,and the emphases are on the possibility and technical bottlenecks of comprehensive surveying and mapping satellites with integrated payloads.It is generally considered that the observation efficiency is high with single integrated surveying and mapping satellite,while the overall observation benefit is limited.The possibility and key technologies of earth observation with intensive micro satellite constellation are analyzed,including payloads modular design,satellite miniaturization design,satellite optimal configuration technology,data transmission technology,the elastic allocation technology for satellites in-orbit and on-board data fast processing technology etc.The prospective of intelligent observation satellite is prospected,and the corresponding key technologies are analyzed,including the technologies of on-board observation intelligent identification,inter-satellite and satellite-earth intelligent transmission,on-board and ground intelligent data processing,etc.In addition,the intelligent obstacle avoidance of satellite,intelligent tracking and intelligent control of launch vehicle landing location are also the development directions to be considered in satellite observations.

关 键 词：航天测绘 重力测量卫星 磁力测量卫星 光学测绘卫星 微波测绘卫星 微小卫星组网 智能卫星观测 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]