引种栽培条件下大花黄牡丹二次枝及顶芽发育的初步研究  

Development of secondary branches and apical buds of Paeonia ludlowii under cultivated conditions

作　　者：陈庭巧 袁涛[1] 解梦雨 唐英 曾秀丽[2] Chen Tingqiao;Yuan Tao;Xie Mengyu;Tang Ying;Zeng Xiuli(School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education,Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation&Molecular Breeding,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Vegetables,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,Tibet,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,国家花卉工程技术研究中心,城乡生态环境北京实验室,林木花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室,花卉种质创新与分子育种北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2022年第6期106-114,共9页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家林草局行业标准项目(2018-LY-054);北京园林绿化增彩延绿科技创新工程项目(2019-KJC-02-10)。

摘　　要：【目的】确定引种栽培条件下的大花黄牡丹二次枝及其顶芽生长发育特点、引种地和原产地花芽分化进程,为大花黄牡丹的引种栽培和开发利用提供参考。【方法】以河南栾川引种栽培的成年株大花黄牡丹为对象,观测其二次枝及其顶芽的生长发育动态,并利用石蜡切片法观察大花黄牡丹在引种地(栾川和拉萨)及原产地(林芝)三地的二次枝顶芽花芽分化进程。【结果】(1)在栾川栽植的大花黄牡丹二次枝的生长期从5月上旬持续到9月中旬,其中5月上旬-6月上旬为生长高峰;但部分花枝的腋芽发育停滞,不形成二次枝。(2)栾川栽植的大花黄牡丹二次枝的生长可分为三类:第1类占比28.57%,于7月中旬形成顶芽并开始花芽分化,次年正常开花结实;第2类主要位于花枝/果枝中下部,形成顶芽但不分化,次年仅营养生长;第3类不形成顶芽,入冬后至次年春受冻干枯。(3)原产地林芝大花黄牡丹二次枝56.25%的顶芽可分化成花芽,次年开花结实,未观察到第3类二次枝。(4)在引种地和原产地,大花黄牡丹的二次枝顶芽分化过程一致,历经6个分化阶段后,最终形成含1个主花蕾、2~3个侧花蕾、腋芽原基和叶原基的复合芽,主花蕾较侧花蕾分化时间早;腋芽原基位于第3~4个叶原基基部,次年在花枝上发育形成新的二次枝。(5)引种地和原产地顶芽花芽分化起始时间和持续时间不同,引种地栾川分化起始晚,历时相对较长(88~97 d),引种地拉萨及原产地林芝花芽分化较早,历时相对较短(近70 d)。【结论】栾川引种栽培的大花黄牡丹花芽分化比例低,分化起始较晚,持续时间较长,但能够形成稳定且正常花芽分化、开花结实的二次枝,其自然环境可作为选择大花黄牡丹的引种栽培地点的参考。[Objective] This paper aims to determine the characteristics of growth and development of secondary branches and their apical buds of cultivated Paeonia ludlowii as well as the differentiation process of flower buds in the cultivated site and the original site, then provide a reference for the introduction,cultivation, development and utilization of P. ludlowii. [Method] Taking the adult P. ludlowii introduced and cultivated in Luanchuan, Henan Province of Central China as the object, the growth and development dynamics of the secondary branches and its apical buds were observed. And the apical bud floral differentiation process in introduction site(Luanchuan and Lhasa) and original site(Nyingchi) was observed by paraffin section method. [Result](1) In Luanchuan, the secondary branches of P. ludlowii grew from early May to mid-September, and the peak period was from early May to early June. However, some axillary buds of flowering branches were stagnant and did not develop into secondary branches.(2) In Luanchuan,the secondary branches of cultivated P. ludlowii had three growth types: the type 1, which accounted for28.57%, its apical buds formed and began to differentiate in mid-July, blossom and bear fruits normally in following year. The type 2 was mainly located in the middle and lower parts of the flowering/fruit branches,apical buds formed but did not differentiate and there was only vegetative growth in the following year. The type 3 did not form apical bud, freeze-dried during winter and following spring.(3) In original site Nyingchi,56.25% of the apical buds on the secondary branches of P. ludlowii differentiated and blossomed and bore fruits normally in following year, the secondary branches of type 3 were not observed.(4) The differentiation process of the apical bud on the secondary branches was the same in introduction site and original site. The apical bud finally formed a compound bud with a top flower bud, 2–3 lateral flower buds,axillary bud primordiums and leaf primordiums though six differenti

关 键 词：大花黄牡丹 二次枝 生长动态 花芽分化 复合芽 

分 类 号：S685.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]