明清时期中国社会对欧洲产品的早期消费  

The Use of European Products in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：李坤[1] Li Kun

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学人文社会科学学院

出　　处：《国际汉学》2022年第2期83-91,203,204,共11页International Sinology

摘　　要：明末至19世纪初是中国社会消费欧洲产品的早期阶段,当时,欧洲产品的奇巧特征正好迎合了上层社会尚奇巧之风,上层社会使用欧洲产品满足多种需要,主要有赠与需要、社会形象需要、时尚需要、娱乐需要、实用需要,上层社会存在消费欧洲产品的多样化动机,推动了欧洲产品的消费和传播。很多研究强调明清社会排斥、贬低欧洲产品,但对消费欧洲产品的当事人及其消费动机关注不够。事实上明清上层社会的消费文化具有开放性,在欧洲产品消费的早期阶段,上层社会就追捧欧洲产品,上层社会的消费领域就存在促进欧洲产品传播的动力。消费视角有助于全面、深入了解欧洲产品在明清社会的际遇。From the late Ming Dynasty to the early 19th century was the early stage of Chinese society’s use of European products when the ingenious characteristics of European products catered to the desires of the Chinese upper classes.The upper class at that time was good at utilizing European goods,while satisfying their various needs,including as gifts,for social prestige,and for fashion,entertainment,and practical use.These various motives for using European products in the upper class promoted the use and spread of European products.Many studies emphasize that European products were rejected and belittled in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,but little attention has been paid to the consumers of European products and their motivation.This study shows that the culture of the upper classes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was open.In the early stage of the use of European products,the upper classes sought after European products,which promoted the spread of European products.Studies on European products from the perspective of their use enable us have a comprehensive and indepth understanding of the significance of European products in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

关 键 词：明清社会 欧洲产品 早期消费 传播动力 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]