有色金属冶炼高含砷污酸除砷技术研究进展  

A review of arsenic removal technology from non-ferrous metal smelting wastewater with high arsenic content

作　　者：张德超 潘力 曹瀚文 向成喜 孔德颂 罗劲松 倪誉苍 孙兰昆 邓戈 李静[2,3,4] 王冬斌 ZHANG De-chao;PAN Li;CAO Han-wen;XIANG Cheng-xi;KONG De-song;LUO Jin-song;NI Yu-cang;SUN Lan-kun;DENG Ge;LI Jing;WANG Dong-bin(Southwest Copper Branch,Yunnan Copper Co.Ltd.,Kunming,650102,China;Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Kunming Special Metallurgy Key Laboratory,Kunming 650093,China;Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy,Ministry of Education,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]云南铜业股份有限公司西南铜业分公司,昆明650102 [2]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093 [3]昆明市特种冶金重点实验室,昆明650093 [4]非常规冶金省部共建教育部重点实验室,昆明650093

出　　处：《矿冶》2022年第3期85-95,共11页Mining And Metallurgy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1904204)。

摘　　要：有色冶炼过程中会产生大量的含砷酸性废水,除砷处理给企业生产运行带来了较大压力。近年来,高含砷污酸除砷处理受到了广泛关注,如何实现经济、高效除砷成为当前的研究热点。综述了石灰中和-铁盐法、硫化法和尾渣固化除砷法的研究进展,指出了未来发展方向。石灰中和-铁盐法通过两段加入石灰和铁盐,实现深度除砷过程,是目前企业使用最广泛的除砷方法。但该流程会产生大量的含砷石膏渣,在环保逐渐趋严的背景下,为企业带来较大的运行负担。硫化法具有沉淀范围广、产渣量少、运行稳定等优势,该技术在大幅度降低污酸中砷含量的同时,可缓解企业运行压力。尾渣固化除砷技术利用了渣中的铁、硅等元素可在溶液中生成稳定结构,将除砷渣包裹或生成砷酸铁等稳定性物质,实现砷的去除,但会因尾渣原料成分变化使得工艺流程不稳定,在实际生产应用中受到一定制约,但该技术除砷渣的砷浸出量均低于5 mg/L,可实现砷的直接固定,因此具有较大的发展潜力,有较大的研究空间。硫化法、石灰中和铁盐法因技术成熟、流程简便,未来一段时间内仍是企业生产过程的主流工艺。A large amount of arsenic-containing acid wastewater will be produced during the non-ferrous smelting process,and the arsenic removal treatment has brought great pressure to the production of enterprises.In recent years,the arsenic removal treatment of high arsenic-containing polluted acid has become a research hotspots.The research progress of lime neutralization-iron salt method,sulfidation method and tailings solidification arsenic removal method is reviewed.The future development direction is pointed out.Lime neutralization-iron salt method is currently the most widely used arsenic removal method in enterprises.It realizes the deep arsenic removal process by adding lime and iron salt in two stages.However,this process will generate a large amount of arsenic-containing gypsum slag,which will bring a greater operational burden to the enterprise under the background of gradually stricter environmental protection.The sulfidation method has the advantages of a wide range of precipitation,less slag production,and stable operation.This technology greatly reduces the arsenic content in polluted acid and relieves the operating pressure of enterprises.The arsenic removal technology of tailings solidification uses elements such as iron and silicon in the slag to form a stable structure in the solution to wrap the arsenic removal slag or generate stable substances such as iron arsenate to remove arsenic.This technology will make the process unstable due to the change of the raw material composition of the tailings,and it will be restricted in actual production.But the biggest advantage of this technology is that the arsenic leaching amount of the arsenic removal residue is less than 5 mg/L,which directly realizes the immobilization of arsenic,this technology also has great potential for development and great research space.Sulfurization method,lime neutralization and iron salt method will still be the mainstream technology in the production process of enterprises in the future due to mature technology and simple process.

关 键 词：高砷污酸 硫化法除砷 石灰中和-铁盐法 尾渣固化除砷 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]