试论汉语“已然”范畴的三个主要来源  

Three Main Sources Of Yiran Category in Chinese

作　　者：杜道流 DU Dao-liu(Institute of Linguistics, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, Anhui, China)

机构地区：[1]淮北师范大学语言研究所,安徽淮北235000

出　　处：《徐州工程学院学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期84-93,共10页Journal of Xuzhou Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：安徽省“高校学科拔尖人才学术资助项目”(gxbjZD2021004)。

摘　　要：文章把现代汉语中“了”标示的动态范畴称作“已然”范畴,认为其来源与“完成动词(已、讫、了)”“得失动词(得、取、却)”“移位动词(过、来、去)”三类词语的语法化均有关联。不过,由于和其他词语相比,“了”的范畴义的明确程度更高,且在语法化过程中,其功能始终较为单一,而其他词语则大多出现多功能、多方向发展的情况,使得“了”最终取代了其他词语成为该范畴的唯一标记。In this paper,the dynamic category marked by the word le is labeled as yiran category in modern Chinese,and its origin is related to three sorts of words:perfective verbs,gain-and-loss verbs and displacement verbs.However,compared with other words,the category meaning of le is more definite,and its function is always single in the process of grammaticalization,while most other words are multi-functional and multi-directional,which makes le finally replace other words as the only mark of this category.

关 键 词：“已然”范畴 来源 完成动词 得失动词 移位动词 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]