中国在WTO诉美国反补贴措施案中胜诉的意义及启示  

Significance and Implications of China’s Victory in the WTO Case of Countervailing Measures Against the United States

作　　者：张月姣[1,2] Zhang Yuejiao

机构地区：[1]清华大学国际争端解决研究院 [2]国际投资争端解决中心

出　　处：《国际法研究》2022年第3期3-16,共14页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：2022年1月26日,WTO宣布中国在诉美国反补贴措施案(DS437)中胜诉,裁决中国有权对美国实施每年6.45亿美元的贸易报复。在该案中,中国诉美国对中国出口至美国的油井管等产品实施的反补贴措施违反WTO涵盖协定,WTO裁定美国对中国企业采取的歧视性贸易救济措施违法。中国在WTO反倾销与反补贴领域的争端案件中胜诉意义重大:有力限缩了滥用贸易救济措施的政策空间;捍卫了WTO争端解决机制;体现了中国积极参与建设国际法治;坚定维护了多边贸易规则,抑制了贸易保护主义;展现了涉外法律人才在实践中成长。中国未来应继续坚持统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治,并积极参与建设国际法治。在国内法治层面,中国应按照WTO规则合理使用补贴促进外贸发展;做好贸易统计和补贴通报工作,增强透明度;加强对WTO贸易救济规则的研究和运用;积极推进国有企业改革。在国际法治层面,中国应积极参与WTO争端解决,用法律维护中国企业合法权益;努力推动WTO上诉机构尽早恢复正常运转,恢复二审终审制;积极参与WTO改革和贸易救济规则修改。On 26 January 2022, the WTO affirmed China prevailed in US-Countervailing Measures(DS437), and determined that China could retaliate against the United States by 645 million US dollars per year in the field of trade in goods. In this case, China sued the United States for the countervailing measures against China’s oil well pipes and other products exported to the United States in violation of the WTO covered agreements. The WTO ruled that the discriminatory trade remedy measures taken by the United States are inconsistent with WTO rules. It is of great significance for China to win the cases about anti-dumping and countervailing within WTO: effectively limiting the policy space for abuse of trade remedies;defending the WTO dispute settlement mechanism;manifesting China’s active participation in building the international rule of law;firmly safeguarding multilateral trading rules and suppressing trade protectionism;showing the growth of foreign-related legal talents in practice. In the future, China should continue to adhere to promoting the domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law coordinately, and actively participate in the construction of the international rule of law. At the level of domestic rule of law, in accordance with WTO rules, China should use subsidies reasonably to promote the development of foreign trade;do a good job in trade statistics and subsidy notification to enhance transparency;strengthen the research and application of WTO trade remedy rules;actively promote the reform of state-owned enterprises. At the level of international rule of law, China should actively participate in WTO dispute settlement, and use the law to protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises;strive to promote the WTO Appellate Body to resume normal operation as soon as possible, and restore the second-instance final review system;actively participate in WTO reform and trade remedy rules revision.

关 键 词：WTO 反补贴 贸易救济 争端解决 贸易报复 国内法治 国际法治 WTO争端解决机构 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]