公开的“秘闻”:中法战争前夕曾纪泽的外交与舆论观诠释  

Public “Secret Intelligence”:Zeng Jize’s Public Opinion Diplomacy and View of Public Opinion Before the Sino-French War

作　　者：李浩 Li Hao

机构地区：[1]安徽大学新闻传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2022年第5期108-125,128,共19页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：2021年度安徽高校研究生科学研究项目“清季报刊与中外交涉的舆论动员(1872-1912)”(项目编号:YJS20210099)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在“通中外,达新知”的语境中,报刊对清季外交活动发挥了积极作用。作为晚清外交官员的代表人物,曾纪泽在中法战争前夕,以欧洲报刊为线索,管窥法国政府,以打探情报。在这个过程中,曾纪泽探知法国权力结构,新闻界、公众与政府之间互相制约。借助这一特性,曾纪泽拉拢《泰晤士报》,开展了一场以舆论外交为特性的公共外交活动。这也是晚清驻外公使发动的最早公共外交活动之一。曾纪泽以“公开秘闻”为策略,与《泰晤士报》等欧洲报刊达成利益交换,并积极与欧洲报人互动,为清政府在中法冲突中赢得舆论支持。曾纪泽所形成的以“舆论权力观”为代表的舆论观,是晚清外交官员对舆论的最早归纳和认知之一,对清政府后续外交活动的开展产生了重要的影响。In the context of“passing information between China and foreign countries”and“acquiring new and progressive knowledge”,newspapers and periodicals played an active role in the diplomatic activities of the Qing Dynasty.Before the Sino-French War between1884 and1885,Zeng Jize,a prominent lateQing diplomat,used the European press as a cue to spy on the French government.Zeng explored the French power structure,where the press,the public and the government form checks and balances.Exploiting such a system,Zeng wooed The Times of London and carried out a public diplomatic campaign characterized as public opinion diplomacy.It was also one of the earliest public diplomatic activities launched by a late-Qing diplomat.Zeng’s strategy was to use“public secret intelligence”and exchange interests with The Times and other European newspapers.He actively interacted with them to win public support for the Qing government during the Sino-French War.Zeng formed a diplomatic philosophy of“public opinion power”.It was one of the earliest generalizations and awareness of public opinion by diplomats in late-Qing Dynasty.It had important impact on later diplomatic activities of the Qing government.

关 键 词：曾纪泽 公共外交 阅报活动 舆论观 中法战争 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学] D829.565[历史地理—中国史]