“授受源流”:《清史稿》医者传的编纂与医史的承启书写  

The Compilation of Physician Biographies in Manuscripts of Qing History and the Writing of Medical History

作　　者：冯玉荣[1] Feng Yurong

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2022年第3期22-35,M0003,共15页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“宋元以来中医知识的演变与现代‘中医’的形成研究”(18ZDA175)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：由夏孙桐撰写的《清史稿》医者传“以类为先后”,“具述授受源流”,在人物传记的主脉之下,隐含着两大书写重点:一是疾病医学知识的叙述,如温病学、伤寒学;二是注重突出地域医学,如吴中医学、钱塘医学。《清史稿》作为正史书写强化了温病之学、伤寒之学的主流地位,承继了明清以来对江南地方医学传统的认可。其对医学学术源流及地域医学的观照与陈邦贤等人的近代医史书写路径不谋而合。陈邦贤对清代近三百年医学学术史的梳理,基本是以《清史稿》医者传为基础。亦可见医学知识的归纳、流传,不仅依赖于医史学者,还有文人史家共同参与。医史书写是重估知识价值和贯通知识谱系的重要方式,史家和医家的相互参照和引证,促进了中医医史在近代的承启与开新。The compilation of physician biographies in Manuscripts of Qing History were not only arranged in chronological order,but also reflected the strands of medical knowledge.The biographies of physicians focused on two aspects:one was the narrative of medical knowledge of diseases,such as the study of febrile disease and typhoid fever;and the other was the introduction of regional medicine,such as Wu Medicine and Qiantang Medicine.As an official history,Manuscripts of Qing History strengthened the dominance of febrile disease and typhoid fever studies,and bolstered the legitimacy of Jiangnan local medicine.Thus,the biographies of physicians in Manuscripts of Qing History,written by Xia Suntong,struck a balance between medical knowledge and regional medicine.It was consistent with the approach of medical historian Chen Bangxian and others in writing modern medical history.Therefore,it is fair to say that the compilation and the dissemination of medical knowledge depended not only on medical historians,but also on the joint efforts of literati and historians.Exchanges and cooperation between historians and physicians stimulated the development and innovation of modern medical history studies.

关 键 词：《清史稿》 医史 夏孙桐 陈邦贤 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] R-09[历史地理—中国史]