故宫宁寿宫花园遂初堂糊饰的材料、工艺与装饰历史  

On The Materials and Crafts Applied to the Pasting-Wallpapers of the Imperial Palace Suichutang Hall and the History of Its Internal Finish

作　　者：李越[1] 刘梦雨 刘瀚文 Li Yue;Liu Mengyu;Liu Hanwen

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院古建部 [2]故宫博物院文保科技部

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2022年第4期108-126,143,共20页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：宁寿宫花园的遂初堂西梢间墙面保存了清中期的多层裱糊残迹。据档案推断,现存四个时期的糊饰分别制作于乾隆三十九至四十一年、嘉庆七年、嘉庆十七年和道光元年。其面纸均为蓝地樱花图案,颇具日本美术装饰特色。推测此种纸张即造办处档案中所谓“倭子纸”,系江南工匠根据日本进口纸张仿制。科学检测表明,四次糊饰使用相同的制作材料和工艺:以竹纸作为面纸,纸上以刷染法均匀涂布地色,再用凸版印制樱花图案。浅蓝地色颜料由靛蓝、蛤粉调和而成,樱花的橙色颜料成分包括片红土、蛤粉和云母,胶结材料均为动物胶,并加入滑石作为填料。乾隆时期的初次裱糊施做了油灰地仗层,并以两层构皮纸作为底纸,粘结剂为淀粉浆糊。面纸纸张经过上蜡处理,即清宫档案中所谓“蜡花纸”。As is documented,the layers of pasting wallpaper remaining in the westernmost room of Suichutang Hall of the Ningshougong Palace Garden of the Imperial Palace are periodized into four-39th-41st year of Qianlong’e(乾隆)reign,the 7th year and 17thyear of Jiaqing’s(嘉庆)reign,the 1st year of Daoguang’s(道光)reign of the Middle Qing dynasty.These surface decorative papers featured by Japanese-patterned cherry blossom on light-blue background are probably named’Wo‘zi Zhi’(Japanese paper)in the files of the imperial workshop,but they are actually the products that the craftsman of Jiangnan region made after the imported paper from Japan.The test indicates that the pasting paper of different periods share the material and techniques—using bamboo-paper as the surface that is painted light-blue for the background with brush dyeing method,then relief-printing the patterns of cherry blossom.The light-blue pigment for the background is the mixture of indigo and chalk,while the orange cherry blossom is made from ochre,chalk and mica with animal glue as binding media and talc as filler.The base layer for the first-time wallpaper pasting in Qianlong’s period is the mixture of the brick powder and Tung-oil over two layers of mulberry-paper ground with starch paste as adhisive.The surface paper was waxed in advance,which is called La hua Zhi(wax pattern-paper)’in the historic archives of the Qing Court.

关 键 词：遂初堂 壁纸 裱糊 糊饰 云母 倭子纸 蜡花纸 

分 类 号：TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论]